Division of Neurological Surgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.
Neurosurg Focus. 2012 Aug;33(2):E4. doi: 10.3171/2012.6.FOCUS12135.
Within a few months of Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen's discovery of x-rays in 1895, Fedor Krause acquired an x-ray apparatus and began to use it in his daily interactions with patients and for diagnosis. He was the first neurosurgeon to use x-rays methodically and systematically. In 1908 Krause published the first volume of text on neurosurgery, Chirurgie des Gehirns und Rückenmarks (Surgery of the Brain and Spinal Cord), which was translated into English in 1909. The second volume followed in 1911. This was the first published multivolume text totally devoted to neurosurgery. Although Krause excelled in and promoted neurosurgery, he believed that surgeons should excel at general surgery. Importantly, Krause was inclined to adopt technology that he believed could be helpful in surgery. His 1908 text was the first neurosurgical text to contain a specific chapter on x-rays ("Radiographie") that showed roentgenograms of neurosurgical procedures and pathology. After the revolutionary discovery of x-rays by Röntgen, many prominent neurosurgeons seemed pessimistic about the use of x-rays for anything more than trauma or fractures. Krause immediately seized on its use to guide and monitor ventricular drainage and especially for the diagnosis of tumors of the skull base. The x-ray images contained in Krause's "Radiographie" chapter provide a seminal view into the adoption of new technology and the development of neurosurgical technique and are part of neurosurgery's heritage.
在 Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen 于 1895 年发现 X 射线后的几个月内，Fedor Krause 就获得了一台 X 射线设备，并开始将其用于与患者的日常互动和诊断中。他是第一位系统地、有计划地使用 X 射线方法的神经外科医生。1908 年，Krause 出版了第一卷关于神经外科的文本，《脑与脊髓外科学》（Chirurgie des Gehirns und Rückenmarks），该文本于 1909 年被翻译成英文。第二卷于 1911 年出版。这是第一本完全致力于神经外科的多卷出版文本。尽管 Krause 在神经外科方面表现出色并加以推广，但他认为外科医生应该擅长普通外科。重要的是，Krause 倾向于采用他认为在手术中可能有用的技术。他的 1908 年的文本是第一本包含专门的 X 射线章节（“Radiographie”）的神经外科文本，该章节展示了神经外科手术和病理学的 X 光片。在 Röntgen 革命性地发现 X 射线之后，许多著名的神经外科医生似乎对 X 射线在创伤或骨折以外的用途持悲观态度。Krause 立即抓住了 X 射线的使用机会，将其用于引导和监测脑室引流，特别是用于诊断颅底肿瘤。Krause 的“Radiographie”章节中包含的 X 射线图像提供了一个重要的视角，了解新技术的采用以及神经外科技术的发展，是神经外科遗产的一部分。
