Rabbitt P
University of Manchester, Age and Cognitive Performance Research Centre, UK.
Ergonomics. 1990 Oct-Nov;33(10-11):1291-305. doi: 10.1080/00140139008925333.
Younger people report more lapses than the elderly on the Broadbent Cognitive Failure Questionnaire, the Harris and Sunderland Memory Failure Questionnaire, and a 'Lost and Found' questionnaire. Lapses are not predicted by IQ or vocabulary test scores (AH 4 parts 1 and 2, and Mill Hill). These paradoxical findings reveal some logical and methodological difficulties in the interpretations of subjective self-ratings. Age and IQ differences in the memorability of errors were illustrated using choice reaction time (CRT) tasks. All age groups were equally efficient at 'automatic' error detection and correction, but older individuals more often omitted controller error-signalling responses. Errors followed by controlled responses were better remembered. It is argued that conscious self-monitoring and the ability to remember errors improves with IQ and declines with age.
在布罗德本特认知失误问卷、哈里斯和桑德兰记忆失误问卷以及一份“失物招领”问卷上，年轻人报告的失误比老年人更多。智商或词汇测试分数（AH4第1和第2部分以及米尔希尔测试）无法预测失误情况。这些矛盾的发现揭示了在主观自我评分解释方面存在的一些逻辑和方法上的困难。通过选择反应时（CRT）任务说明了年龄和智商在错误记忆方面的差异。所有年龄组在“自动”错误检测和纠正方面效率相同，但老年人更常遗漏控制错误信号的反应。继控制反应之后出现的错误更容易被记住。有人认为，有意识的自我监控和记住错误的能力会随着智商的提高而增强，随着年龄的增长而下降。
