Department of Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Eur Cytokine Netw. 2010 Mar;21(1):7-18. doi: 10.1684/ecn.2009.0179.
Borrelia is the causative agent of Lyme disease, a widespread disease with important health consequences. Immune-mediated mechanisms are believed to play a major role in both host defense and in late complications of Lyme disease. Recognition of Borrelia and the initial activation of the innate immune system are important for host defense, as well as modulation of adaptive responses. Several classes of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) have been suggested to be involved in the recognition of Borrelia: Toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptors (NLRs) and C-type lectin receptors (CLRs). TLR2 has been found to be the most important receptor of the TLRs. The intracellular receptor NOD2, a member of the NLRs, might also play an important role in recognition. Mannose receptor is also involved in Borrelia recognition, but little is known about other CLRs such as dectin-1. After PRRs have recognized Borrelia, a signaling cascade is induced that leads to transcription of NF-kappaB, resulting in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Understanding these pathways provides not only a better insight into the pathogenesis, but also provides potential, novel, therapeutic targets during active disease or post-infection complications.
伯氏疏螺旋体是莱姆病的病原体，莱姆病是一种广泛存在的疾病，对健康有重要影响。免疫介导的机制被认为在宿主防御和莱姆病的晚期并发症中都起着重要作用。识别伯氏疏螺旋体和固有免疫系统的初始激活对于宿主防御以及适应性反应的调节都很重要。已经提出了几类模式识别受体（PRRs）参与伯氏疏螺旋体的识别：Toll 样受体（TLRs）、NOD 样受体（NLRs）和 C 型凝集素受体（CLRs）。已经发现 TLR2 是 TLRs 中最重要的受体。细胞内受体 NOD2，NLRs 的一个成员，也可能在识别中发挥重要作用。甘露糖受体也参与伯氏疏螺旋体的识别，但对其他 CLRs 如 dectin-1 知之甚少。PRRs 识别伯氏疏螺旋体后，会诱导信号级联反应，导致 NF-κB 的转录，从而产生促炎细胞因子。了解这些途径不仅提供了对发病机制的更好理解，而且在疾病活跃期或感染后并发症期间提供了潜在的新的治疗靶点。
