Hewa S, Hetherington R W
University of British Columbia, Canada.
J Med Ethics. 1990 Dec;16(4):179-84. doi: 10.1136/jme.16.4.179.
This paper examines the crisis in the nursing profession in Western industrial societies in the light of Max Weber's theory of rationalisation. The domination of instrumental rational action in modern industrial societies in evident in the field of modern medicine. The burgeoning mechanistic approach to the human body and health makes modern health care services increasingly devoid of human values. Although the nursing profession has been influenced by various changes that took place in health care during the last few decades (for example greater reliance on technology), the underlying values of the nursing profession still emphasise a broad definition of the well-being of patients. Hence, in recent years the irrational consequences of growing technological medicine in North America has resulted in a serious crisis in the nursing profession. To resolve this crisis the authors propose a reorganisation of modern health care services on the basis of a new paradigm which is compatible with both the health care needs of the people and the main emphasis in education and training of the nursing profession.
本文依据马克斯·韦伯的合理化理论，审视了西方工业社会护理行业所面临的危机。在现代医学领域，工具理性行动在现代工业社会占据主导地位，这一点显而易见。对人体和健康日益增长的机械主义方法，使得现代医疗服务越来越缺乏人文价值。尽管在过去几十年里，护理行业受到了医疗保健领域发生的各种变化的影响（例如对技术的更大依赖），但护理行业的基本价值观仍然强调对患者福祉的广义定义。因此，近年来北美日益发展的技术化医学所产生的不合理后果，导致了护理行业的严重危机。为解决这一危机，作者们提议在一种新范式的基础上对现代医疗服务进行重组，这种新范式既符合民众的医疗保健需求，又与护理行业教育和培训的主要重点相契合。
