Callister R, Callister R J, Fleck S J, Dudley G A
Division of Sports Science, U.S. Olympic Committee, Colorado Springs, CO 80909.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1990 Dec;22(6):816-24. doi: 10.1249/00005768-199012000-00014.
To determine the effect of large and sudden increases in training volume on performance characteristics and the feasibility of using overtraining syndrome symptoms to monitor performance changes, 15 elite judo athletes were examined through 10 wk of training. Athletes performed their regular regimens of resistance (3 d.wk-1), interval (2 d.wk-1), and judo (5 d.wk-1) training in weeks 1-4. Interval and resistance training volumes increased by 50% in weeks 4-8 and returned to baseline in weeks 9-10. Judo training volume was unchanged in weeks 1-8 but increased by 100% in weeks 9-10. Assessments were made in weeks 2, 4, 8, and 10. Isokinetic strength of elbow and knee extensors and flexors increased significantly from weeks 2 to 4 (3-13%), was unchanged from weeks 4 to 8, and decreased significantly (6-12%) from weeks 4 to 10. Total time for 3 x 300 m intervals increased (P less than 0.05) between weeks 2 and 4 and between weeks 4 and 8, while total time for 5 x 50 m sprints decreased (P less than 0.05) from weeks 8 to 10 (less than 2%). Body fat percentage decreased (P less than 0.05) from weeks 2 to 10. Body weight, submaximal and maximal aerobic power, resting (sleeping) systolic and diastolic pressures, resting (sleeping) submaximal and maximal heart rates, exercising blood lactate levels, and vertical jump performance did not change significantly with increases in training volume. These results suggest that 6 wk of overtraining may affect some but not all aspects of performance and that performance may be affected before symptoms of the overtraining syndrome appear.
为了确定训练量大幅突然增加对运动表现特征的影响，以及利用过度训练综合征症状监测运动表现变化的可行性，对15名精英柔道运动员进行了为期10周的训练研究。在第1 - 4周，运动员进行常规的抗阻训练（每周3天）、间歇训练（每周2天）和柔道训练（每周5天）。在第4 - 8周，间歇训练和抗阻训练量增加50%，并在第9 - 10周恢复到基线水平。在第1 - 8周，柔道训练量保持不变，但在第9 - 10周增加了100%。在第2、4、8和10周进行评估。从第2周到第4周，肘和膝伸肌与屈肌的等速肌力显著增加（3 - 13%），从第4周到第8周保持不变，从第8周到第10周显著下降（6 - 12%）。3组300米间歇跑的总时间在第2周和第4周之间以及第4周和第8周之间增加（P < 0.05），而5组50米短跑的总时间从第8周到第10周下降（P < 0.05）（降幅小于2%）。体脂百分比从第2周到第10周下降（P < 0.05）。体重、次最大和最大有氧功率、静息（睡眠）收缩压和舒张压、静息（睡眠）次最大和最大心率、运动时血乳酸水平以及垂直跳成绩并未随训练量增加而显著变化。这些结果表明，6周的过度训练可能会影响运动表现的某些方面，但并非全部，并且在过度训练综合征症状出现之前运动表现可能就已受到影响。
