对114名中国女子精英摔跤运动员过度训练的8年纵向研究。
An 8-year longitudinal study of overreaching in 114 elite female Chinese wrestlers.
作者信息
Tian Ye, He Zihong, Zhao Jiexiu, Tao Dalang, Xu Kuiyuan, Midgley Adrian, McNaughton Lars
机构信息
China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China;
出版信息
J Athl Train. 2015 Feb;50(2):217-23. doi: 10.4085/1062-6050-49.3.57. Epub 2014 Oct 20.
CONTEXT
Successful training involves structured overload but must avoid the combination of excessive overload and inadequate recovery.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of functional overreaching (FOR), nonfunctional overreaching (NFOR), and overtraining syndrome in elite female wrestlers during their normal training and competition schedules and to explore the utility of blood markers for the early detection of overreaching. Classification of FOR, NFOR, and overtraining syndrome was based on the European Congress of Sports Medicine position statement.
DESIGN
Case series.
SETTING
China Institute of Sport Science.
PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS
Over an 8-year period, 114 wrestlers from the women's Asian wrestling team were monitored to help identify if and when they experienced FOR, NFOR, or overtraining syndrome.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Creatine kinase, hemoglobin, testosterone, and cortisol were measured throughout the period to identify whether wrestlers were outside the reference intervals (constructed from normal recovery data) during periods of overreaching and not overreaching.
RESULTS
Among the 114 athletes, there were 13 (3.6%) instances of FOR, 23 (6.4%) instances of NFOR, and 2 (0.6%) instances of overtraining syndrome. The diagnostic sensitivity for FOR was 38%, 15%, 45%, and 18% for creatine kinase, hemoglobin, testosterone, and cortisol, respectively. The diagnostic sensitivity for NFOR was 29%, 33%, 26%, and 35% for creatine kinase, hemoglobin, testosterone, and cortisol, respectively. Specificity was 79%, 88%, 90%, and 82% for creatine kinase, hemoglobin, testosterone, and cortisol, respectively. Post hoc analysis showed no mean differences in creatine kinase (F = 0.5, P = .47), hemoglobin (F = 3.8, P = .052), testosterone (F = 0.2, P = .62), or cortisol (F = 0.04, P = .85) between monitoring periods when wrestlers were and were not diagnosed with FOR and NFOR.
CONCLUSIONS
Coaches and sports scientists should not use single blood variables as markers of overreaching in elite female wrestlers.
背景
成功的训练需要有结构化的超负荷，但必须避免过度超负荷与恢复不足同时出现。
目的
本研究旨在确定精英女子摔跤运动员在正常训练和比赛日程期间出现功能性过度训练（FOR）、非功能性过度训练（NFOR）和过度训练综合征的发生率，并探索血液标志物在早期检测过度训练方面的效用。FOR、NFOR和过度训练综合征的分类基于欧洲运动医学大会的立场声明。
设计
病例系列研究。
地点
中国体育科学研究所。
患者或其他参与者
在8年期间，对来自女子亚洲摔跤队的114名摔跤运动员进行监测，以确定她们是否以及何时经历FOR、NFOR或过度训练综合征。
主要观察指标
在整个期间测量肌酸激酶、血红蛋白、睾酮和皮质醇，以确定摔跤运动员在过度训练期和非过度训练期是否超出参考区间（根据正常恢复数据构建）。
结果
在114名运动员中，有13例（3.6%）出现FOR，23例（6.4%）出现NFOR，2例（0.6%）出现过度训练综合征。肌酸激酶、血红蛋白、睾酮和皮质醇对FOR的诊断敏感性分别为38%、15%、45%和18%。肌酸激酶、血红蛋白、睾酮和皮质醇对NFOR的诊断敏感性分别为29%、33%、26%和35%。特异性分别为肌酸激酶79%、血红蛋白88%、睾酮90%和皮质醇82%。事后分析显示，在摔跤运动员被诊断和未被诊断为FOR和NFOR的监测期之间，肌酸激酶（F = 0.5，P = 0.47）、血红蛋白（F = 3.8，P = 0.052）、睾酮（F = 0.2，P = 0.62）或皮质醇（F = 0.04，P = 0.85）没有均值差异。
结论
教练和运动科学家不应将单一血液变量用作精英女子摔跤运动员过度训练的标志物。
Zotero 插件