Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Boulevard Juriquilla, Juriquilla, Querétaro, México.
J Endocrinol. 2012 Nov;215(2):207-19. doi: 10.1530/JOE-12-0258. Epub 2012 Aug 7.
From an evolutionary perspective, deiodinases may be considered pivotal players in the emergence and functional diversification of both thyroidal systems (TS) and their iodinated messengers. To better understand the evolutionary pathway and the concomitant functional diversification of vertebrate deiodinases, in the present review we summarized the highlights of the available information regarding this ubiquitous enzymatic component that represents the final, common physiological link of TS. The information reviewed here suggests that deiodination of tyrosine metabolites is an ancient feature of all chordates studied to date and consequently, that it precedes the integration of the TS that characterize vertebrates. Phylogenetic analysis presented here points to D1 as the oldest vertebrate deiodinase and to D2 as the most recent deiodinase gene, a hypothesis that agrees with the notion that D2 is the most specialized and finely regulated member of the family and plays a key role in vertebrate neurogenesis. Thus, deiodinases seem to be major participants in the evolution and functional expansion of the complex regulatory network of TS found in vertebrates.
从进化的角度来看，脱碘酶可以被视为甲状腺系统 (TS) 及其碘化信使出现和功能多样化的关键因素。为了更好地理解脊椎动物脱碘酶的进化途径和伴随的功能多样化，在本综述中，我们总结了有关这一普遍存在的酶成分的现有信息的要点，该成分代表了 TS 的最终共同生理联系。这里回顾的信息表明，酪氨酸代谢物的脱碘作用是迄今为止研究的所有脊索动物的古老特征，因此，它先于构成脊椎动物的 TS 的整合。这里提出的系统发育分析表明 D1 是最古老的脊椎动物脱碘酶，D2 是最新的脱碘酶基因，这一假设与 D2 是家族中最特化和精细调节的成员并在脊椎动物神经发生中发挥关键作用的观点一致。因此，脱碘酶似乎是在脊椎动物中发现的复杂 TS 调节网络的进化和功能扩展的主要参与者。
