Xiong Xu, Elkind-Hirsch Karen E, Vastardis Sotirios, Delarosa Robert L, Pridjian Gabriella, Buekens Pierre
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
J Periodontol. 2009 Nov;80(11):1742-9. doi: 10.1902/jop.2009.090250.
Few studies have specifically examined the relationship between periodontal disease and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The objective of this study was to examine whether maternal periodontal disease is associated with GDM.
A case-control study was conducted of 53 pregnant women with GDM and 106 pregnant women without GDM at Woman's Hospital, Baton Rouge, Louisiana. The periodontal examinations were performed by a calibrated dentist who was masked to the diabetic status of the pregnant women. Periodontitis was defined as the presence of any site with a probing depth (PD) >or=4 mm or a clinical attachment loss (AL) >or=4 mm. The severity of periodontal disease was measured in quartiles of PD and clinical AL. Univariable analysis and multivariable logistic regression were used to examine the relationships between periodontal disease and GDM.
The percentage of periodontitis was 77.4% in women with GDM and 57.5% in women without GDM, with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.5 and a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.2 to 5.3. After adjusting for confounding variables of maternal age, parity, race, marital status, education, family income, smoking, alcohol consumption, systemic antibiotics during pregnancy, family history of diabetes, income, dental insurance coverage, and body mass index, the adjusted OR (95% CI) was 2.6 (1.1 to 6.1). The adjusted ORs (95% CIs) of GDM comparing the highest-to-lowest quartiles of PD and clinical AL were 3.8 (1.0 to 14.0) and 4.5 (1.2 to 16.9).
This study supports the hypothesis of an association between periodontal disease and GDM.
很少有研究专门探讨牙周疾病与妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）之间的关系。本研究的目的是检验孕妇牙周疾病是否与GDM有关。
在路易斯安那州巴吞鲁日市妇女医院，对53例患有GDM的孕妇和106例未患GDM的孕妇进行了一项病例对照研究。牙周检查由一位校准过的牙医进行，该牙医对孕妇的糖尿病状态不知情。牙周炎定义为存在任何探诊深度（PD）≥4 mm或临床附着丧失（AL）≥4 mm的部位。牙周疾病的严重程度通过PD和临床AL的四分位数来衡量。采用单变量分析和多变量逻辑回归来检验牙周疾病与GDM之间的关系。
患有GDM的女性中牙周炎的比例为77.4%，未患GDM的女性中为57.5%，优势比（OR）为2.5，95%置信区间（CI）为1.2至5.3。在对孕妇年龄、产次、种族、婚姻状况、教育程度、家庭收入、吸烟、饮酒、孕期全身使用抗生素、糖尿病家族史、收入、牙科保险覆盖范围和体重指数等混杂变量进行调整后，调整后的OR（95%CI）为2.6（1.1至6.1）。比较PD和临床AL最高四分位数与最低四分位数时，GDM的调整后OR（95%CI）分别为3.8（1.0至14.0）和4.5（1.2至16.9）。
本研究支持牙周疾病与GDM之间存在关联的假设。
