Giri S, Kindo A J
Department of Microbiology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Porur, Chennai, India.
Indian J Med Microbiol. 2012 Jul-Sep;30(3):270-8. doi: 10.4103/0255-0857.99484.
The incidence of candidemia has been on a rise worldwide. The epidemiology of invasive fungal infections in general and of candidemia in particular has changed in the past three decades because of a variety of factors like the AIDS epidemic, increased number of patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy for transplantation and the increasing use of antimicrobials in the hospital setups and even in the community. The important risk factors for candidemia include use of broad-spectrum antimicrobials, cancer chemotherapy, mucosal colonization by Candida species, indwelling vascular catheters like central venous catheters, etc. More than 90% of the invasive infections due to Candida species are attributed to five species-Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosis, Candida tropicalis and Candida krusei. However, the list of new species of Candida isolated from clinical specimens continues to grow every year. Early diagnosis and proper treatment is the key for management of candidemia cases.
念珠菌血症的发病率在全球范围内呈上升趋势。在过去三十年中，由于多种因素，如艾滋病流行、接受移植免疫抑制治疗的患者数量增加、医院甚至社区中抗菌药物使用的增加，侵袭性真菌感染的流行病学，尤其是念珠菌血症的流行病学发生了变化。念珠菌血症的重要危险因素包括使用广谱抗菌药物、癌症化疗、念珠菌属的黏膜定植、留置血管导管如中心静脉导管等。超过90%的念珠菌属侵袭性感染归因于五个菌种——白色念珠菌、光滑念珠菌、近平滑念珠菌、热带念珠菌和克柔念珠菌。然而，从临床标本中分离出的念珠菌新菌种名单每年都在不断增加。早期诊断和正确治疗是念珠菌血症病例管理的关键。
