Center for Translational Social Neuroscience, Division of Behavioral Neuroscience and Psychiatric Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, 954 Gatewood Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2012 Nov;224(1):1-26. doi: 10.1007/s00213-012-2794-x. Epub 2012 Aug 11.
Love has long been referred to as an addiction in literature and poetry. Scientists have often made comparisons between social attachment processes and drug addiction, and it has been suggested that the two may share a common neurobiological mechanism. Brain systems that evolved to govern attachments between parents and children and between monogamous partners may be the targets of drugs of abuse and serve as the basis for addiction processes.
Here, we review research on drug addiction in parallel with research on social attachments, including parent-offspring attachments and social bonds between mating partners. This review focuses on the brain regions and neurochemicals with the greatest overlap between addiction and attachment and, in particular, the mesolimbic dopamine (DA) pathway.
Significant overlap exists between these two behavioral processes. In addition to conceptual overlap in symptomatology, there is a strong commonality between the two domains regarding the roles and sites of action of DA, opioids, and corticotropin-releasing factor. The neuropeptides oxytocin and vasopressin are hypothesized to integrate social information into attachment processes that is not present in drug addiction.
Social attachment may be understood as a behavioral addiction, whereby the subject becomes addicted to another individual and the cues that predict social reward. Understandings from both fields may enlighten future research on addiction and attachment processes.
在文学和诗歌中，爱情长期以来一直被称为一种成瘾。科学家经常将社交依恋过程与药物成瘾进行比较，并提出这两者可能具有共同的神经生物学机制。大脑系统进化为管理父母与子女之间以及一夫一妻制伴侣之间的依恋关系，可能是滥用药物的靶点，并成为成瘾过程的基础。
在这里，我们对药物成瘾研究与社交依恋研究进行平行综述，包括亲代与子代的依恋和交配伴侣之间的社会纽带。本综述侧重于成瘾和依恋之间重叠最多的大脑区域和神经化学物质，特别是中脑边缘多巴胺（DA）通路。
这两个行为过程之间存在显著的重叠。除了症状学上的概念重叠外，在 DA、阿片类物质和促肾上腺皮质释放因子的作用和作用部位方面，两个领域之间也具有很强的共性。神经肽催产素和血管加压素被假设将社交信息整合到不存在于药物成瘾中的依恋过程中。
社交依恋可以被理解为一种行为成瘾，即主体对另一个个体和预测社交奖励的线索产生成瘾。这两个领域的理解可以为未来的成瘾和依恋过程研究提供启示。
