Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
Tissue Eng Part A. 2012 Dec;18(23-24):2518-27. doi: 10.1089/ten.tea.2011.0672. Epub 2012 Aug 14.
In tissue engineering, stem cells have become an ideal cell source that can differentiate into most human cell types. Among the stem cells, bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMSCs) have been widely studied, and there is strong evidence that these cells can be differentiated into cells of the osteogenic lineage. Thus, BMSCs have become the gold standard for studies of tissue engineering in orthopedics. However, novel stem cell sources, such as amniotic fluid-derived stem cells (AFSCs) have been identified, and these have important and unique features that may lead to novel and successful applications toward the regeneration of bone tissue. This study was designed to originally compare the osteogenic potential of both BMSCs and AFSCs under distinct culture environments to determine whether the osteogenic differentiation process of both types of stem cells is related to the origin of the cells. Osteogenic differentiation was carried out in both two and three dimensions using a tissue culture plate and by means of seeding the cells onto microfibrous starch and poly(ɛ-caprolactone) scaffolds (a blend of starch and polycaprolactone), respectively. BMSCs and AFSCs were successfully differentiated into the osteogenic cell type, as cells derived from them produced a mineralized extracellular matrix. Nevertheless, the two types of cells presented different expression patterns of bone-related markers as well as different timing of differentiation, indicating that both cell origin and the culture environment have a significant impact on the differentiation into the osteogenic phenotype in AFSCs and BMSCs.
在组织工程中，干细胞已成为一种理想的细胞来源，可以分化为大多数人类细胞类型。在这些干细胞中，骨髓来源的干细胞（BMSCs）已被广泛研究，有强有力的证据表明这些细胞可以分化为成骨谱系的细胞。因此，BMSCs 已成为骨科组织工程研究的金标准。然而，已经确定了新的干细胞来源，例如羊水来源的干细胞（AFSCs），这些干细胞具有重要而独特的特征，可能导致骨组织再生的新的成功应用。本研究旨在最初比较 BMSCs 和 AFSCs 在不同培养环境下的成骨潜能，以确定这两种类型的干细胞的成骨分化过程是否与细胞的起源有关。使用组织培养板在二维和三维环境中进行成骨分化，通过将细胞接种到微纤维淀粉和聚（ε-己内酯）支架（淀粉和聚己内酯的混合物）上来进行。BMSCs 和 AFSCs 成功分化为成骨细胞类型，因为它们衍生的细胞产生了矿化细胞外基质。然而，这两种类型的细胞表现出不同的骨相关标志物的表达模式以及不同的分化时间，表明细胞起源和培养环境对 AFSCs 和 BMSCs 向成骨表型的分化有显著影响。
