Rio de Janeiro State University, Department of Applied Nutrition, Nutrition Institute, Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Brazil.
Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2012 Jul;67(7):839-44. doi: 10.6061/clinics/2012(07)22.
Dietary intervention is an important approach in the prevention of cardiovascular disease. Over the last decade, some studies have suggested that a calcium-rich diet could help to control body weight, with anti-obesity effects. The potential mechanism underlying the impact of calcium on body fat has been investigated, but it is not fully understood. Recent evidence has also suggested that a calcium-rich diet could have beneficial effects on other cardiovascular risk factors, such as insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension and inflammatory states. In a series of studies, it was observed that a high intake of milk and/or dairy products (the main sources of dietary calcium) is associated with a reduction in the relative risk of cardiovascular disease. However, a few studies suggest that supplemental calcium (mainly calcium carbonate or citrate) may be associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events. This review will discuss the available evidence regarding the relationship between calcium intake (dietary and supplemental) and different cardiovascular risk factors and/or events.
饮食干预是预防心血管疾病的重要方法。在过去的十年中，一些研究表明，富含钙的饮食可能有助于控制体重，具有抗肥胖作用。钙对体脂影响的潜在机制已经被研究过，但还不完全清楚。最近的证据还表明，富含钙的饮食可能对其他心血管危险因素有有益影响，如胰岛素抵抗、血脂异常、高血压和炎症状态。在一系列研究中，观察到高摄入牛奶和/或乳制品（膳食钙的主要来源）与降低心血管疾病的相对风险有关。然而，一些研究表明，补充钙（主要是碳酸钙或柠檬酸盐）可能与心血管事件风险增加有关。本综述将讨论关于钙摄入（膳食和补充）与不同心血管危险因素和/或事件之间关系的现有证据。
