DPSS, University of Padua, Via Venezia 8, 35131 Padova, Italy.
Psychon Bull Rev. 2013 Feb;20(1):148-53. doi: 10.3758/s13423-012-0310-2.
We report two experiments that explored the linguistic locus of age-of-acquisition effects in picture naming by using a delayed naming task that involved only a low proportion of trials (25 %) while, for the large majority of the trials (75 %), participants performed another task-that is, the prevalent task. The prevalent tasks were semantic categorization in Experiment 1a and grammatical-gender decision in Experiments 1b and 2. In Experiment 1a, in which participants were biased to retrieve semantic information in order to perform the semantic categorization task, delayed naming times were affected by age of acquisition, reflecting a postsemantic locus of the effect. In Experiments 1b and 2, in which participants were biased to retrieve lexical information in order to perform the grammatical gender decision task, there was also an age-of-acquisition effect. These results suggest that part of the age-of-acquisition effect in picture naming occurs at the level at which the phonological properties of words are retrieved.
我们报告了两项实验，通过使用仅涉及一小部分试验（25%）的延迟命名任务，探索了图片命名中习得年龄效应的语言位置，而对于绝大多数试验（75%），参与者执行了另一项任务——即主流任务。主流任务在实验 1a 中是语义分类，在实验 1b 和 2 中是语法性别决策。在实验 1a 中，参与者为了执行语义分类任务而偏向于检索语义信息，延迟命名时间受到习得年龄的影响，反映了该效应的后语义位置。在实验 1b 和 2 中，参与者为了执行语法性别决策任务而偏向于检索词汇信息，也存在习得年龄效应。这些结果表明，图片命名中习得年龄效应的一部分发生在检索单词的语音属性的水平上。
