MRC Epidemiology Unit and UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), Institute of Public Health, Robinson Way, Cambridge, UK.
Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2012 Aug 16;9:97. doi: 10.1186/1479-5868-9-97.
The transition to retirement has been recognised as a critical turning point for physical activity (PA). In an earlier systematic review of quantitative studies, retirement was found to be associated with an increase in recreational PA but with a decrease in PA among retirees from lower occupational groups. To gain a deeper understanding of the quantitative review findings, qualitative evidence on experiences of and views on PA around the transition to retirement was systematically reviewed and integrated with the quantitative review findings.
19 electronic databases were searched and reference lists were checked, citations tracked and journals hand-searched to identify qualitative studies on PA around the transition to retirement, published between January 1980 and August 2010 in any country or language. Independent quality appraisal, data extraction and evidence synthesis were carried out by two reviewers using a stepwise thematic approach. The qualitative findings were integrated with those of the existing quantitative systematic review using a parallel synthesis approach.
Five qualitative studies met the inclusion criteria. Three overarching themes emerged from the synthesis of these studies: these related to retirees' broad concepts of PA, the motives for and the challenges to PA in retirement. Integrative synthesis of the qualitative findings with the quantitative evidence offered several potential explanations for why adults might engage in more recreational PA after the transition to retirement. These included expected health benefits, lifelong PA patterns, opportunities for socialising and personal challenges, and the desire for a new routine. A decrease in PA among retirees from lower occupational groups might be explained by a lack of time and a perceived low personal value of recreational PA.
To encourage adoption and maintenance of PA after retirement, interventions should promote health-related and broader benefits of PA. Interventions for retirees from lower occupational groups should take account of busy post-retirement lifestyles and the low personal value that might be attributed to recreational PA. Future research should address predictors of maintenance of recreational PA after the transition to retirement, the broader benefits of PA, and barriers to PA among retirees from lower occupational groups.
退休被认为是体力活动（PA）的一个重要转折点。在之前对定量研究的系统综述中，退休与休闲 PA 的增加有关，但与低职业群体退休人员的 PA 减少有关。为了更深入地了解定量综述的结果，对退休过渡期间 PA 的经验和观点的定性证据进行了系统综述，并将其与定量综述结果相结合。
检索了 19 个电子数据库，并检查了参考文献列表、跟踪引用和手工搜索期刊，以确定 1980 年 1 月至 2010 年 8 月期间在任何国家或语言中发表的关于退休过渡期间 PA 的定性研究。两名审查员使用逐步主题方法进行独立的质量评估、数据提取和证据综合。使用平行综合方法将定性结果与现有的定量系统综述结果相结合。
五项定性研究符合纳入标准。从这些研究的综合分析中出现了三个总体主题：这些主题与退休人员对 PA 的广泛概念、退休后 PA 的动机和挑战有关。将定性发现与定量证据的综合分析为为什么成年人在退休过渡后可能会更多地从事休闲 PA 提供了一些潜在的解释。这些解释包括预期的健康益处、终身 PA 模式、社交机会和个人挑战，以及对新常规的渴望。低职业群体退休人员 PA 的减少可能是由于缺乏时间和对休闲 PA 的个人价值低而导致的。
为了鼓励退休后采纳和维持 PA，干预措施应促进 PA 的健康相关和更广泛的益处。对于低职业群体的退休人员，干预措施应考虑到退休后的忙碌生活方式以及对休闲 PA 的个人价值可能较低的问题。未来的研究应解决退休过渡后休闲 PA 维持的预测因素、PA 的更广泛益处以及低职业群体退休人员的 PA 障碍等问题。
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