Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
Ann Oncol. 2013 Jan;24(1):238-44. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mds287. Epub 2012 Aug 16.
Dietary glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) typically have a positive relationship with obesity and diabetes, which are risk factors for liver cancer. However, studies on their association with liver cancer have yielded inconsistent results. Therefore, we assessed the association of GI, GL, and carbohydrates with liver cancer risk.
A total of 72 966 women and 60 207 men from the Shanghai Women's Health Study (SWHS) and the Shanghai Men's Health Study (SMHS) were included for analysis. Food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) data were used to calculate daily dietary GI, GL, and carbohydrate intake. These values were energy adjusted and categorized into quintiles. The hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated with adjustment for potential confounders.
After a median follow-up time of 11.2 years for the SWHS and 5.3 years for the SMHS, 139 and 208 incident liver cancer cases were identified in the SWHS and SMHS, respectively. In multivariable Cox regression models, no statistically significant trends by quintile of GI, GL, or carbohydrate intake were observed. Stratification by chronic liver disease/hepatitis, diabetes, or body mass index (BMI) did not alter the findings.
There is little evidence that dietary GI, GL, or carbohydrates affect the incidence of liver cancer in this Asian population.
饮食血糖指数（GI）和血糖负荷（GL）通常与肥胖和糖尿病呈正相关，而肥胖和糖尿病是肝癌的危险因素。然而，关于它们与肝癌之间关系的研究结果并不一致。因此，我们评估了 GI、GL 和碳水化合物与肝癌风险的相关性。
共有 72966 名女性和 60207 名男性参加了上海女性健康研究（SWHS）和上海男性健康研究（SMHS），并对其进行了分析。采用食物频率问卷（FFQ）数据来计算每日饮食 GI、GL 和碳水化合物摄入量。这些值经过能量调整并分为五组。使用多变量 Cox 回归模型计算了风险比（HR）和 95%置信区间（CI），并对潜在混杂因素进行了调整。
在 SWHS 的中位随访时间为 11.2 年和 SMHS 的中位随访时间为 5.3 年后，SWHS 和 SMHS 分别有 139 例和 208 例肝癌新发病例。在多变量 Cox 回归模型中，未观察到 GI、GL 或碳水化合物摄入量五分位数的趋势具有统计学意义。对慢性肝病/肝炎、糖尿病或体重指数（BMI）进行分层并未改变研究结果。
在亚洲人群中，饮食 GI、GL 或碳水化合物对肝癌的发病率影响很小。
