Kris-Etherton Penny M, Lefevre Michael, Mensink Ronald P, Petersen Barbara, Fleming Jennifer, Flickinger Brent D
Department of Nutritional Sciences, 319 Chandlee Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
Lipids. 2012 Oct;47(10):931-40. doi: 10.1007/s11745-012-3704-z. Epub 2012 Aug 18.
Because of efforts to decrease trans fatty acids (TFA) in the food supply, intake should be assessed in the population to establish a baseline TFA intake. The 1999-2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) was used to identify a benchmark for TFA intake. TFA was estimated by mean, median, and quintile of intake, TFA intake data were weighted using the NHANES 4-year sample weights. The main outcome measures included TFA intake in grams per day and percentage of energy in the top 25 food sources of TFA. Data are reported for 16,669 individuals ≥ 3 years of age. Median TFA intake was 2.3 % of calories (5 g/day) with 0.9-4.5 % of energy (1.5-13.1 g/day) over different quintiles of intake. Mean TFA intake was 2.5 % of energy (6.1 g/day). The range of TFA intake in the fifth quintile was very large, i.e., 3.5-12.5 % of energy or 8.8-92.4 g/day. Increasing quintiles of TFA intake were associated with increases in total fat (26.7-37.6 % of energy), saturated fat (7.6-10.5 % of energy), and calories (for those >20 years of age: 2,416-2,583 for men and 1,679-1,886 for women). Major food sources of dietary TFA were cakes, cookies, pies, and pastries. Based on current dietary guidance to consume as little industrial TFA as possible, much progress is needed to attain this goal, including food industry efforts to remove TFA from the food supply and educating the public about making healthy food choices.
由于致力于减少食品供应中的反式脂肪酸（TFA），因此应评估人群的摄入量，以确定反式脂肪酸的基线摄入量。1999 - 2002年全国健康与营养检查调查（NHANES）被用于确定反式脂肪酸摄入量的基准。通过摄入量的均值、中位数和五分位数来估算反式脂肪酸，使用NHANES的4年样本权重对反式脂肪酸摄入量数据进行加权。主要结局指标包括每日反式脂肪酸摄入量（克）以及反式脂肪酸含量最高的25种食物来源中能量的百分比。报告了16669名年龄≥3岁个体的数据。反式脂肪酸摄入量的中位数为卡路里的2.3%（5克/天），在不同的摄入量五分位数中，能量占比为0.9 - 4.5%（1.5 - 13.1克/天）。反式脂肪酸摄入量的均值为能量的2.5%（6.1克/天）。第五个五分位数中反式脂肪酸摄入量的范围非常大，即能量的3.5 - 12.5%或8.8 - 92.4克/天。反式脂肪酸摄入量的增加五分位数与总脂肪（能量的26.7 - 37.6%）、饱和脂肪（能量的7.6 - 10.5%）以及卡路里（对于年龄>20岁的人群：男性为2416 - 2583千卡，女性为1679 - 1886千卡）的增加相关。膳食反式脂肪酸的主要食物来源是蛋糕、曲奇、馅饼和糕点。基于当前尽可能少摄入工业反式脂肪酸的饮食指南，要实现这一目标仍需取得很大进展，包括食品行业努力从食品供应中去除反式脂肪酸以及教育公众做出健康的食物选择。
