Cardiovascular Research Institute, UMDNJ, New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Ave, MSB G-609, Newark, NJ 07103, USA.
Circ Res. 2012 Aug 17;111(5):604-10. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.111.247924.
Pyridine nucleotides are abundant soluble coenzymes and they undergo reversible oxidation and reduction in several biological electron-transfer reactions. They are comprised of two mononucleotides, adenosine monophosphate and nicotinamide mononucleotide, and are present as oxidized and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotides in their unphosphorylated (NAD(+) and NADH) and phosphorylated (NADP(+) and NADPH) forms. In the past, pyridine nucleotides were considered to be primarily electron-shuttling agents involved in supporting the activity of enzymes that catalyze oxidation-reduction reactions. However, it has recently been demonstrated that pyridine nucleotides and the balance between the oxidized and reduced forms play a wide variety of pivotal roles in cellular functions as important interfaces, beyond their coenzymatic activity. These include maintenance of redox status, cell survival and death, ion channel regulation, and cell signaling under normal and pathological conditions. Furthermore, targeting pyridine nucleotides could potentially provide therapeutically useful avenues for treating cardiovascular diseases. This review series will highlight the functional significance of pyridine nucleotides and underscore their physiological role in cardiovascular function and their clinical relevance to cardiovascular medicine.
吡啶核苷酸是丰富的可溶性辅酶，它们在几种生物电子传递反应中经历可逆的氧化和还原。它们由两个单核苷酸，腺嘌呤单核苷酸和烟酰胺单核苷酸组成，并且以未磷酸化（NAD(+) 和 NADH）和磷酸化（NADP(+) 和 NADPH）形式的氧化和还原的烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸形式存在。过去，吡啶核苷酸被认为主要是电子穿梭剂，参与支持催化氧化还原反应的酶的活性。然而，最近已经表明，吡啶核苷酸和氧化还原形式之间的平衡在细胞功能中作为重要的界面发挥着广泛的关键作用，超出了它们的辅酶活性。这些包括维持氧化还原状态、细胞存活和死亡、离子通道调节以及正常和病理条件下的细胞信号转导。此外，靶向吡啶核苷酸可能为治疗心血管疾病提供有治疗价值的途径。本综述系列将强调吡啶核苷酸的功能意义，并强调它们在心血管功能中的生理作用及其对心血管医学的临床相关性。
