Cahn Naomi
AB, Princeton University, USA.
J Law Med. 2012 Jun;19(4):790-802.
This article addresses arguments regarding disclosure of information to donor-conceived individuals, showing that disclosure is entirely different from the recognition of parental rights and responsibilities for the gamete providers. It argues that disclosure of information is not equivalent to saying: "donors are parents". Instead, information release simply provides a basis for donors, donor-conceived individuals and recipient parents to exchange information about themselves. When a jurisdiction enacts laws that provide for such information release, these statutes are distinct from any other legal rights and responsibilities for any members of the donor-conceived community. In its first section, the article briefly explains the means for determining legal parentage before reviewing research on how parents tell their children about their means of conception. Next, it explores studies of why members of the donor-conceived world search, providing an empirical basis for the claim that disclosure does not equal parenthood. The article explores concerns about information release, and, in the final section, suggests possible approaches for protecting the rights of donor-conceived people while reinforcing the legal separation between social and biological parents.
本文探讨了有关向通过捐赠配子受孕的个人披露信息的相关论点，表明披露信息与认可配子提供者的父母权利和责任完全不同。文章认为，信息披露并不等同于宣称：“捐赠者就是父母”。相反，信息发布仅仅为捐赠者、通过捐赠配子受孕的个人以及受赠父母提供了一个交流自身信息的基础。当一个司法管辖区制定法律规定进行此类信息发布时，这些法规与通过捐赠配子受孕群体中任何成员的其他法律权利和责任截然不同。在第一节中，文章在回顾关于父母如何告知孩子其受孕方式的研究之前，简要解释了确定法定父母身份的方法。接下来，文章探讨了为何通过捐赠配子受孕群体的成员进行寻亲的研究，为“披露信息并不等同于成为父母”这一观点提供了实证依据。文章探讨了对信息发布的担忧，并在最后一节中提出了在强化社会父母与生物学父母之间法律区分的同时保护通过捐赠配子受孕者权利的可能方法。
