Public Health Group, Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2012 Oct;66(10):1130-4. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2012.113. Epub 2012 Aug 22.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The effect of changing one aspect of diet needs to be considered within the context of total diet. The study aim was to evaluate the changes in children's overall food intake following replacement of regular-fat with reduced-fat dairy foods.
SUBJECTS/METHODS: Secondary analysis of a cluster Randomized Controlled Trial where families were received parental behavioral nutrition education to change to reduced-fat dairy foods (intervention) or reduce screen time (comparison control). Food intake was assessed via multiple 24-h recalls at baseline, week 12 (end of the intervention) and week 24. Participants were parents and their children (4-13 years, N=145) who were regular-fat dairy food consumers. The intervention effect was based on mixed model analysis adjusted for covariates, and baseline food intake.
At week 24, total dairy servings per day were similar between groups and servings of reduced-fat dairy foods were higher in the intervention group (0.8 servings per day 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.5-1.1, P<0.0001). Fruit intake was higher in the intervention group (0.5 servings per day 95% CI 0.02-0.9, P=0.040), with no other statistically significant differences in food intake. In the intervention group, the contribution of core food groups to saturated fat intake was 45% at baseline and 31% at week 24, with 'extra foods' being the largest contributor to total energy (28%) and saturated fat (40%) intake at follow-up.
Changing children's dairy food choices to reduced-fat varieties did not adversely affect overall food intake. Replacing energy-dense foods with nutrient-rich foods should be the focus of interventions to lower in saturated fat.
背景/目的：在考虑整体饮食的情况下，需要考虑改变饮食的一个方面的效果。本研究旨在评估用低脂乳制品替代常规脂肪乳制品后儿童整体食物摄入量的变化。
对象/方法：这是一项集群随机对照试验的二次分析，其中家庭接受了父母行为营养教育，以改用低脂乳制品（干预组）或减少屏幕时间（比较对照组）。通过基线、第 12 周（干预结束）和第 24 周的多次 24 小时回忆评估食物摄入量。参与者为经常食用全脂乳制品的父母及其 4-13 岁的孩子（N=145）。干预效果基于混合模型分析，调整了协变量和基线食物摄入量。
在第 24 周，两组每天的总乳制品份量相似，干预组的低脂乳制品份量较高（每天 0.8 份，95%置信区间（CI）0.5-1.1，P<0.0001）。干预组的水果摄入量较高（每天 0.5 份，95%CI 0.02-0.9，P=0.040），但其他食物摄入量没有统计学上的显著差异。在干预组中，核心食物组对饱和脂肪摄入量的贡献从基线时的 45%降至第 24 周时的 31%，而“额外食物”是总能量（28%）和饱和脂肪（40%）摄入的最大贡献者。
改变儿童的乳制品选择为低脂品种并不会对整体食物摄入量产生不利影响。用营养丰富的食物替代高能量食物应该是降低饱和脂肪的干预措施的重点。
