1Institut Paul Bocuse Research Centre,Institut Paul Bocuse,Château du Vivier,BP 25,69131 Ecully Cedex,France.
2Department of Medicine,Imperial College London,London,UK.
Nutr Res Rev. 2019 Jun;32(1):106-127. doi: 10.1017/S0954422418000227. Epub 2018 Nov 27.
Existing reviews suggest that milk and other dairy products do not play a role in the development of obesity in childhood, but they do make an important contribution to children's nutrient intake. It is thus curious that public health advice on the consumption of dairy products for children is often perceived as unclear. The present review aimed to provide an overview of the totality of the evidence on the association between milk and other dairy products, and obesity and indicators of adiposity, in children. Our search identified forty-three cross-sectional studies, thirty-one longitudinal cohort studies and twenty randomised controlled trials. We found that milk and other dairy products are consistently found to be not associated, or inversely associated, with obesity and indicators of adiposity in children. Adjustment for energy intake tended to change inverse associations to neutral. Also, we found little evidence to suggest that the relationship varied by type of milk or dairy product, or age of the children, although there was a dearth of evidence for young children. Only nine of the ninety-four studies found a positive association between milk and other dairy products and body fatness. There may be some plausible mechanisms underlying the effect of milk and other dairy products on adiposity that influence energy and fat balance, possibly through fat absorption, appetite or metabolic activity of gut microbiota. In conclusion, there is little evidence to support a concern to limit the consumption of milk and other dairy products for children on the grounds that they may promote obesity.
现有评论表明，牛奶和其他乳制品在儿童肥胖的发展中不起作用，但它们确实为儿童的营养摄入做出了重要贡献。因此，令人好奇的是，公众对儿童乳制品消费的健康建议通常被认为是不清楚的。本综述旨在全面概述有关牛奶和其他乳制品与儿童肥胖和肥胖指标之间关联的全部证据。我们的搜索确定了四十三项横断面研究、三十一项纵向队列研究和二十项随机对照试验。我们发现，牛奶和其他乳制品与儿童肥胖和肥胖指标之间通常没有关联，或者呈负相关。调整能量摄入往往会使相反的关联变为中性。此外，我们发现几乎没有证据表明这种关系因牛奶或乳制品的类型或儿童的年龄而有所不同，尽管对于幼儿的证据很少。在 94 项研究中，只有九项发现牛奶和其他乳制品与体脂肪之间存在正相关。牛奶和其他乳制品对肥胖的影响可能存在一些合理的机制，这些机制可能通过脂肪吸收、食欲或肠道微生物群的代谢活性来影响能量和脂肪平衡。总之，几乎没有证据表明需要限制儿童食用牛奶和其他乳制品，因为它们可能会促进肥胖。
