Gundling N, Feldmann M, Hoedemaker M
Klinik für Rinder, Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover.
Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere. 2012;40(4):255-63.
In dairy cows, hormonal treatments are commonly implemented for acyclicity, silent heat and endometritis. Before treatment, causes of infertility need to be detected and severe failures in housing, feeding or other diseases must be eliminated. Without sustainable improvement of herd management, the use of intensive hormonal treatments will not improve reproductive performance. The most common cause of anoestrous is silent heat. In cows with a palpable corpus luteum, injection of prostaglandin F2α (PGF) reliably induces oestrous. A satisfactory treatment for acyclicity (ovarian dystrophy, ovarian cysts) does not exist. Combinations of different hormones have greater treatment success than a single use of gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) or human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG). Strategic use of PGF during the early postpartum period cannot be recommended because positive effects on uterus involution and resumption of the oestrous cycle after calving have not been verified. In contrast, application of GnRH combined with PGF in the puerperal phase appeared to have positive effects on fertility of cows with endometritis. The same applies to PGF for cows with chronic endometritis. Cases of endometritis with fetid odour of vaginal mucus or isolation of Trueperella pyogenes should be treated with antibiotics. Treatment before the 27th day post partum is not advisable. In conclusion, hormonal treatments can be used to treat fertility disorders. Nevertheless, in order to enhance the reproductive performance at the herd level, a sustainable improvement of the general conditions (housing, feeding, animal health, management) is a prerequisite.
在奶牛中，激素治疗通常用于治疗无发情周期、安静发情和子宫内膜炎。在治疗前，需要检测不孕的原因，并消除饲养管理、饲料或其他疾病方面的严重问题。如果不持续改善牛群管理，使用强化激素治疗并不能提高繁殖性能。最常见的不发情原因是安静发情。对于有可触及黄体的奶牛，注射前列腺素F2α（PGF）可可靠地诱导发情。目前尚无令人满意的治疗无发情周期（卵巢发育不良、卵巢囊肿）的方法。不同激素联合使用比单独使用促性腺激素释放激素（GnRH）或人绒毛膜促性腺激素（hCG）有更高的治疗成功率。不建议在产后早期策略性使用PGF，因为其对子宫复旧和产犊后发情周期恢复的积极作用尚未得到证实。相比之下，在产褥期将GnRH与PGF联合应用似乎对患有子宫内膜炎的奶牛的繁殖力有积极影响。对于患有慢性子宫内膜炎的奶牛，PGF的应用效果也是如此。对于阴道黏液有恶臭或分离出产脓放线菌的子宫内膜炎病例，应使用抗生素治疗。产后第27天之前进行治疗并不可取。总之，激素治疗可用于治疗繁殖障碍。然而，为了提高牛群水平的繁殖性能，可持续改善总体条件（饲养管理、饲料、动物健康、管理）是一个先决条件。
