Stancic M A
Child and youth protection, Obrenovac, Belgrade, Yugoslavia.
Acta Med Austriaca. 1990;17(4):82-4.
The author lists the most frequent bacterial agents isolated from the nose and pharynx samples of children that visited the Child Health Centre from 1983 to 1986. The gram-positive bacteria found most often were: Staphylococcus aureus (44% in 1983, 40% in 1986). Streptococcus pneumoniae (6% in 1983, 12% in 1986), and Streptococcus haemolyticus of group "A" (14% in 1983, 19% in 1986). The isolated gram-negative bacteria were: E. coli (14%), Klebsiella enterobacter (8%), and Proteus species and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2 to 4% [4, 6, 7, 16]). According to the author's analyses Staphylococcus aureus is highly sensitive to cloxacilline (96%, no changes in the 4-year period), then to sulphametoxasol-trimetropin (95%), to lincomycine (85% no change), while to penicillin it is entirely resistant. Streptococcus pneumoniae proved sensitive to ampicillin, lincocine and erythromycin (96%), to cephalosporins (83%) and to sulphamides (85%). Streptococcus haemolyticus from group "A" reacted to penicillin excellently. The greatest sensitivity to gram-negative bacteria E. coli related to aminoglycosides (97%), sulphonamides (96%), chloramphenicol (91%), and to cephalosporines (90%, in 1986 only 60%). Klebsiella enterobacter reacted to aminoglycosides (97%), sulphonamides (92%) and chloramphenicol (83%) and Pseudomonas to aminoglycosides (95%), gentamycin (92%), while to cephalosporines and ampicillin preparations it proved totally resistant.
作者列出了1983年至1986年期间前往儿童健康中心就诊的儿童鼻和咽样本中分离出的最常见细菌病原体。最常发现的革兰氏阳性菌为：金黄色葡萄球菌（1983年为44%，1986年为40%）、肺炎链球菌（1983年为6%，1986年为12%）以及“A”组溶血性链球菌（1983年为14%，1986年为19%）。分离出的革兰氏阴性菌为：大肠杆菌（14%）、肺炎克雷伯菌（8%）以及变形杆菌属和铜绿假单胞菌（2%至4%[4、6、7、16]）。根据作者的分析，金黄色葡萄球菌对氯唑西林高度敏感（96%，4年期间无变化），其次对磺胺甲恶唑-甲氧苄啶（95%）、林可霉素（85%，无变化）敏感，而对青霉素则完全耐药。肺炎链球菌对氨苄西林、林可霉素和红霉素敏感（96%），对头孢菌素敏感（83%），对磺胺类药物敏感（85%）。“A”组溶血性链球菌对青霉素反应良好。对革兰氏阴性菌大肠杆菌最敏感的药物是氨基糖苷类（97%）、磺胺类（96%）、氯霉素（91%）以及头孢菌素（90%（仅1986年为60%））。肺炎克雷伯菌对氨基糖苷类（97%）、磺胺类（92%）和氯霉素（83%）敏感，而铜绿假单胞菌对氨基糖苷类（95%）、庆大霉素（92%）敏感，对头孢菌素和氨苄西林制剂则完全耐药。
