Divaris Kimon, Lai Caroline S, Polychronopoulou Argy, Eliades Theodore, Katsaros Christos
Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Schweiz Monatsschr Zahnmed. 2012;122(7-8):610-5.
Stress and burnout have been well-documented in graduate medical and undergraduate dental education, but studies among dental graduate students and residents are sparse. The purpose of this investigation was to examine perceived stressors and three dimensions of burnout among dental residents enrolled in the University of Bern, Switzerland. Thirty-six residents enrolled in five specialty programmes were administered the Graduate Dental Environment Stress (GDES30) questionnaire and the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). Individual stress items and overall GDES30 scores were used to quantify perceived stress. To measure burnout, proportions of burnout "cases" and MBI subscale scores were computed in the domains of emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DP) and reduced personal accomplishment (PA). Analyses relied on descriptive and bi-variate methods. The mean GDES30 score was 2.1 (SD = 0.4). "Lack of leisure time", "meeting the research requirement of the programme" and "completing graduation requirements" emerged as the top three stressors. Thirty-six percent of respondents were burnout "cases" on the PA scale, while this proportion was 17% for EE and 8% for DP. Both stress and burnout levels increased according to year of study, whereas younger residents and females had consistently higher stress and burnout scores compared to older ones and males. Overall, low levels of perceived stress and burnout were found among this group of Swiss dental residents.
压力和职业倦怠在研究生医学教育和本科牙科教育中已有充分记录，但针对牙科研究生和住院医师的研究却很少。本调查的目的是研究瑞士伯尔尼大学牙科住院医师所感知到的压力源以及职业倦怠的三个维度。对参加五个专业项目的36名住院医师进行了牙科研究生环境压力问卷（GDES30）和马氏职业倦怠量表（MBI）的测试。使用个体压力项目和GDES30总分来量化感知到的压力。为了衡量职业倦怠，计算了情绪耗竭（EE）、去个性化（DP）和个人成就感降低（PA）领域中职业倦怠“病例”的比例以及MBI子量表得分。分析采用描述性和双变量方法。GDES30的平均得分为2.1（标准差=0.4）。“休闲时间不足”、“满足项目的研究要求”和“完成毕业要求”成为前三大压力源。36%的受访者在PA量表上属于职业倦怠“病例”，而在EE量表上这一比例为17%，在DP量表上为8%。压力和职业倦怠水平均随学习年份的增加而上升，而年轻住院医师和女性的压力和职业倦怠得分始终高于年长住院医师和男性。总体而言，这组瑞士牙科住院医师的感知压力和职业倦怠水平较低。
