Lewis John E, Tannenbaum Stacey L, Gao Jinrun, Melillo Angelica B, Long Evan G, Alonso Yaima, Konefal Janet, Woolger Judi M, Leonard Susanna, Singh Prabjot K, Chen Lawrence, Tiozzo Eduard
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL.
Med Devices (Auckl). 2011;4:169-77. doi: 10.2147/MDER.S24291. Epub 2011 Sep 16.
THE ELECTRO SENSOR COMPLEX (ESC) IS SOFTWARE THAT COMBINES THREE DEVICES USING BIOELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE, GALVANIC SKIN RESPONSE, AND SPECTROPHOTOMETRY: (1) ES-BC (Electro Sensor-Body Composition; LD Technology, Miami, FL) to assess body composition, (2) EIS-GS (Electro Interstitial Scan-Galvanic Skin; LD Technology) to predict autonomic nervous system activity, and (3) ES Oxi (Electro Sensor Oxi; LD Technology) to assess cardiac output. The objective of this study was to compare each to a standardized assessment: ES-BC to dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), EIS-GS to heart rate variability, and ES Oxi to BioZ Dx Diagnostic System (BioZ Dx; SonoSite Inc, Bothell, WA).
The study was conducted in two waves. Fifty subjects were assessed for body composition and autonomic nervous system activity. Fifty-one subjects were assessed for cardiac output.
We found adequate relative and absolute agreement between ES-BC and DXA for fat mass (r = 0.97, P < 0.001) with ES-BC overestimating fat mass by 0.1 kg and for body fat percentage (r = 0.92, P < 0.001) with overestimation of fat percentage by 0.4%. For autonomic nervous system activity, we found marginal relative agreement between EIS-GS and heart rate variability by using EIS-GS as the predictor in a linear regression equation (adjusted R(2) = 0.56, P = 0.03). For cardiac output, adequate relative and absolute agreement was found between ES Oxi and BioZ Dx at baseline (r = 0.60, P < 0.001), after the first exercise stage (r = 0.79, P < 0.001), and after the second exercise stage (r = 0.86, P < 0.001). Absolute agreement was found at baseline and after both bouts of exercise; ES Oxi overestimated baseline and stage 1 exercise cardiac output by 0.3 L/minute and 0.1 L/minute, respectively, but exactly estimated stage 2 exercise cardiac output.
ES-BC and ES Oxi accurately assessed body composition and cardiac output compared to standardized instruments, whereas EIS-GS showed marginal predictive ability for autonomic nervous system activity. The ESC software managing the three devices would be useful to help detect complications related to metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease and to noninvasively and rapidly manage treatment follow-up.
电子传感器复合体（ESC）是一款软件，它结合了利用生物电阻抗、皮肤电反应和分光光度法的三种设备：（1）ES-BC（电子传感器-身体成分分析仪；LD技术公司，迈阿密，佛罗里达州）用于评估身体成分，（2）EIS-GS（电子间质扫描-皮肤电分析仪；LD技术公司）用于预测自主神经系统活动，以及（3）ES Oxi（电子传感器血氧分析仪；LD技术公司）用于评估心输出量。本研究的目的是将每种设备与标准化评估进行比较：ES-BC与双能X线吸收法（DXA）比较，EIS-GS与心率变异性比较，ES Oxi与BioZ Dx诊断系统（BioZ Dx；声诺维公司，博塞尔，华盛顿州）比较。
该研究分两阶段进行。对50名受试者进行了身体成分和自主神经系统活动评估。对51名受试者进行了心输出量评估。
我们发现ES-BC与DXA在脂肪量方面有足够的相对一致性和绝对一致性（r = 0.97，P < 0.001），ES-BC高估脂肪量0.1千克，在体脂百分比方面（r = 0.92，P < 0.001），高估脂肪百分比0.4%。对于自主神经系统活动，通过在线性回归方程中使用EIS-GS作为预测因子，我们发现EIS-GS与心率变异性之间有边缘相对一致性（调整后R² = 0.56，P = 0.03）。对于心输出量，在基线时（r = 0.60，P < 0.001）、第一个运动阶段后（r = 0.79，P < 0.001）以及第二个运动阶段后（r = 0.86，P < 0.001），ES Oxi与BioZ Dx之间发现了足够的相对一致性和绝对一致性。在基线和两次运动后均发现了绝对一致性；ES Oxi分别高估基线和第一阶段运动的心输出量0.3升/分钟和0.1升/分钟，但准确估计了第二阶段运动的心输出量。
与标准化仪器相比，ES-BC和ES Oxi能准确评估身体成分和心输出量，而EIS-GS对自主神经系统活动显示出边缘预测能力。管理这三种设备的ESC软件将有助于检测与代谢综合征、糖尿病和心血管疾病相关的并发症，并有助于无创且快速地管理治疗随访。
