Use of endobronchial valves for the treatment of bronchopleural fistulas after thermal ablation of lung neoplasms.

Persistent air leaks resulting from bronchopleural fistulas (BPFs) are a rare but serious side effect of thermal ablation. Traditionally, BPFs are treated with surgery; however, patients receiving ablation are often poor surgical candidates and require minimally invasive treatment. The present report describes four cases of BPFs following ablation, which were treated with endobronchial valves (EBVs). In three of the four patients, the pneumothoraces resolved after valve placement. One patient required further treatment with pleurodesis. EBVs can selectively block inspiratory airflow while allowing expiratory flow with drainage of air and secretions. In select patients, EBVs are a viable treatment option for BPFs.