Institute of Psychology, University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany.
Eur J Pediatr. 2012 Dec;171(12):1787-92. doi: 10.1007/s00431-012-1816-3. Epub 2012 Aug 26.
Drunkenness among adolescents represents a significant problem and is associated with adverse consequences. A Licensing Act, which prohibits the dispensing of alcoholic beverages to visibly intoxicated individuals, was introduced in Germany to curb excessive drinking. The objective of the study was to explore whether it is possible for barkeepers and security personnel to correctly estimate the alcohol level (AL) of adolescents merely based on their outer appearance and self-report. In a commercial dance club, 89 adolescents reported their past and current alcohol consumption and estimated their own AL. Their breath alcohol level was measured with a breathalyzer. The sample was divided into "moderate drinkers" and "binge drinkers." Barkeepers and security personnel spoke to and examined the adolescents in order to estimate the adolescents' AL. Professional staff underestimated the ALs of adolescents in 60.7 % of all cases. Estimates of the personnel showed greater deviations from the measured AL of the adolescents as compared to estimates of the adolescents themselves, especially in the group of binge drinkers (t = 2.764; p = 0.009).
It seems that adolescents suffer less from observable effects of alcohol, such as sedation or impairment of motor function. Consequently, we do not recommend the application of the Licensing Act to adolescents, but suggest its replacement by other restrictions and prevention measures.
未加标签：青少年酗酒是一个严重的问题，会导致不良后果。为了遏制过度饮酒，德国出台了一项《许可法》，禁止向明显醉酒的人出售含酒精饮料。本研究旨在探讨酒保和保安人员仅根据青少年的外表和自我报告，是否能够正确估计他们的酒精水平（AL）。在一家商业舞厅，89 名青少年报告了他们过去和现在的饮酒量，并估计了自己的 AL。他们的呼气酒精水平用呼气酒精检测仪进行了测量。样本被分为“适度饮酒者”和“狂饮者”。酒保和保安人员与青少年交谈并对其进行检查，以估计青少年的 AL。在所有情况下，专业人员对青少年 AL 的估计错误率为 60.7%。与青少年自己的估计相比，工作人员的估计与青少年实际 AL 的偏差更大，尤其是在狂饮者群体中（t=2.764；p=0.009）。
结论：青少年似乎较少受到酒精的可见影响，如镇静或运动功能受损。因此，我们不建议将《许可法》适用于青少年，而是建议用其他限制和预防措施取代它。
