Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Tob Control. 2014 Jan;23(1):e3. doi: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2011-050413. Epub 2012 Aug 25.
To describe the characteristics of two primary determinants of cigarette consumption: cigarette affordability and the range of prices paid for cigarettes (and bidis, where applicable) in a set of 15 countries. From this cross-country comparison, identify places where opportunities may exist for reducing consumption through tax adjustments.
Self-response data from 45,838 smokers from 15 countries, obtained from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) 2008-2011.
Using self-response data on individual cigarette expenditure and consumption, we construct a measure of the average cigarette price smokers pay for manufactured cigarettes (and bidis, where applicable) in 15 countries. We use these prices to evaluate cigarette affordability and the range of prices available in each country. These survey-derived measures of cigarette price and affordability are uniquely suited for cross-country comparison because they represent each country's distinctive mix of individual consumption characteristics such as brand choice, intensity of consumption, and purchasing behavior.
In this sample of countries, cigarettes are most affordable in Russia, which has the most room for tobacco tax increase. Affordability is also relatively high in Brazil and China for cigarettes, and in India and Bangladesh for bidis. Although the affordability of cigarettes in India is relatively low, the range of cigarette prices paid is relatively high, providing additional evidence to support the call for simplifying the existing tax structure and reducing the width of price options. China has both high affordability and wide price ranges, suggesting multiple opportunities for reducing consumption through tax adjustments.
描述香烟消费的两个主要决定因素的特征：香烟的可负担性和香烟价格范围（适当时包括比迪烟）在一组 15 个国家。通过这种跨国比较，确定在哪些地方通过税收调整来减少消费的机会可能存在。
来自 15 个国家的 45838 名吸烟者的自我报告数据，这些数据来自 2008 年至 2011 年的全球成人烟草调查（GATS）。
利用关于个人香烟支出和消费的自我报告数据，我们构建了一个衡量吸烟者在 15 个国家购买制造香烟（适当时包括比迪烟）的平均香烟价格的指标。我们使用这些价格来评估香烟的可负担性和每个国家的价格范围。这些基于调查的香烟价格和可负担性衡量标准非常适合跨国比较，因为它们代表了每个国家独特的个人消费特征组合，如品牌选择、消费强度和购买行为。
在这个样本国家中，俄罗斯的香烟最实惠，有最大的烟草税增加空间。巴西和中国的香烟也相对较为实惠，印度和孟加拉国的比迪烟也较为实惠。虽然印度的香烟可负担性相对较低，但香烟支付的价格范围相对较高，这提供了更多的证据支持简化现有的税收结构和减少价格选择宽度的呼吁。中国既有较高的可负担性又有较宽的价格范围，这表明通过税收调整有多种减少消费的机会。
