Katsanis Sara H, Wagner Jennifer K
Genome Ethics, Law & Policy, Duke Institute for Genome Sciences & Policy, Duke University, 304 Research Drive, Box 90141, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
J Forensic Sci. 2013 Jan;58 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S169-72. doi: 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2012.02253.x. Epub 2012 Aug 24.
As U.S. courts grapple with constitutional challenges to DNA identification applications, judges are resting legal decisions on the fingerprint analogy, questioning whether the information from a DNA profile could, in light of scientific advances, reveal biomedically relevant information. While CODIS loci were selected largely because they lack phenotypic associations, how this criterion was assessed is unclear. To clarify their phenotypic relevance, we describe the standard and recommended CODIS markers within the context of what is known currently about the genome. We characterize the genomic regions and phenotypic associations of the 24 standard and suggested CODIS markers. None of the markers are within exons, although 12 are intragenic. No CODIS genotypes are associated with known phenotypes. This study provides clarification of the genomic significance of the key identification markers and supports--independent of the forensic scientific community--that the CODIS profiles provide identification but not sensitive or biomedically relevant information.
在美国法院应对对DNA识别应用的宪法挑战之际，法官们正依据指纹类比做出法律裁决，质疑鉴于科学进步，DNA图谱中的信息是否会揭示与生物医学相关的信息。虽然联合DNA索引系统（CODIS）位点的选择主要是因为它们缺乏表型关联，但目前尚不清楚该标准是如何评估的。为了阐明它们的表型相关性，我们在当前已知基因组的背景下描述了标准的和推荐的CODIS标记。我们对24个标准的和建议的CODIS标记的基因组区域和表型关联进行了特征描述。尽管有12个标记位于基因内，但没有一个标记位于外显子内。没有CODIS基因型与已知表型相关。本研究澄清了关键识别标记的基因组意义，并独立于法医学科学界支持CODIS图谱提供的是身份识别信息，而非敏感的或与生物医学相关的信息。
