Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Germany Departamento de Micología, Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital General de México, Ciudad de México, México.
J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2012 Sep;10(9):611-21; quiz 621-2. doi: 10.1111/j.1610-0387.2012.07994.x.
Opportunistic filamentous mycoses are widely distributed all over the world. They are rarely observed in Europe but are common in developing countries. The most common are the aspergilloses (due to Aspergillus spp.) mostly in neutropenia and immunosuppression; the mucormycoses characterized by rapid progression in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis; the phaeohyphomycoses due to pigmented fungi causing either a mild superficial or a very serious deep disease and the hyalohyphomycoses due to hyaline filamentous fungi (Fusarium spp., Pseudallescheria spp., Scopulariopsis spp.). Cutaneous manifestations are usually secondary to dissemination from pulmonary or visceral disease; primary cases are less frequent and due to direct inoculation into the skin. We review epidemiological, clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic data on the four most important opportunistic filamentous mycoses: aspergillosis, mucormycosis, phaeohyphomycosis and hyalohyphomycosis.
机会性丝状真菌广泛分布于世界各地。它们在欧洲很少见，但在发展中国家很常见。最常见的是曲霉菌病（由曲霉属引起），主要发生在中性粒细胞减少和免疫抑制患者中；毛霉病的特征是糖尿病酮症酸中毒患者病情迅速进展；着色真菌引起的暗色丝孢霉病，可导致轻度浅表或非常严重的深部疾病；以及由透明丝孢霉引起的透明丝孢霉病（镰孢菌属、拟青霉属、帚霉属）。皮肤表现通常继发于肺部或内脏疾病的播散；原发性病例较少见，是由于直接接种到皮肤。我们综述了四种最重要的机会性丝状真菌病（曲霉病、毛霉病、暗色丝孢霉病和透明丝孢霉病）的流行病学、临床、诊断和治疗数据。
