Department of Food Sciences, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al Gen J Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland.
Environ Monit Assess. 2013 May;185(5):4033-47. doi: 10.1007/s10661-012-2847-y. Epub 2012 Aug 29.
The aim of this investigation was to estimate honeys and bee products quality in view of their mineral composition using multivariate techniques. Fourteen elements (Ca, Mg, K, Na, P, Co, Mn, Fe, Cr, Ni, Zn, Cu, Cd, and Pb) were determined in 66 honeys and bee products from different places of Poland and Europe and various botanical origins. The total metals contents were analyzed by flame atomic absorption spectrometry using deuterium-background correction after wet digestion with nitric acid in an automatic microwave digestion system. Phosphorus was determined in the form of phosphomolybdate by a spectrophotometric method. Reliability of the procedure was checked by analysis of the certified reference materials tea (NCS DC 73351) and cabbage (IAEA-359). The analytical data indicated a good level of quality of honeys, especially with regard to the concentration of toxic trace elements, such as Cd and Pb. Results were submitted to multivariate analysis, including such techniques as factor and cluster analyses in order to evaluate the existence of data patterns and the possibility of classification of honeys from different botanical origins according to their mineral content. The nine metals determined were considered as chemical descriptors of each sample. There was a significant influence of the botanical and geographical provenance as well as technological processing on the elemental composition of honeys.
本研究旨在利用多元技术评估蜂蜜和蜂产品的质量，考察其矿物质组成。采用硝酸湿式消解-自动微波消解系统，火焰原子吸收光谱法（氢化物发生法，背景校正）测定了来自波兰和欧洲不同地区和不同植物来源的 66 种蜂蜜和蜂产品中的 14 种元素（Ca、Mg、K、Na、P、Co、Mn、Fe、Cr、Ni、Zn、Cu、Cd 和 Pb）。以磷钼酸盐形式通过分光光度法测定磷。通过分析茶叶（NCS DC 73351）和卷心菜（IAEA-359）的认证参考物质来检查程序的可靠性。分析数据表明蜂蜜质量水平良好，特别是对有毒痕量元素（如 Cd 和 Pb）的浓度。研究结果提交给多元分析，包括因子分析和聚类分析等技术，以评估数据模式的存在以及根据矿物质含量对不同植物来源的蜂蜜进行分类的可能性。所测定的 9 种金属被认为是每个样品的化学描述符。蜂蜜的元素组成受到植物和地理来源以及加工技术的显著影响。
