MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2012 Aug 31;61(34):678-84.
Member states of the World Health Organization (WHO) African (AFR) and Eastern Mediterranean (EMR) regions have set goals for measles elimination by 2020 and 2015, respectively. The two WHO regions include AFR member states Ethiopia and Kenya, and EMR member state Somalia. All three countries are in the Horn of Africa, where measles remains endemic, with periodic outbreaks despite efforts to achieve elimination goals. This report describes outbreaks that occurred in the Horn of Africa during 2010-2011. The outbreaks were exacerbated by a complex humanitarian emergency in Somalia, with an influx of an estimated 600,000 refugees into camps in Kenya and Ethiopia near the borders with Somalia. During 2010-2011, a total of 9,756 measles cases were reported in Ethiopia and 2,566 in Kenya, with wide age distributions, and 16,135 were reported in Somalia, with 78% occurring among children aged <5 years. Cases occurred predominantly in unvaccinated persons. Outbreak response immunization (ORI) strategies were implemented; however, outbreaks continued. To reach AFR and EMR measles elimination targets, uniform high coverage with 2 doses of measles-containing vaccine (MCV) must be achieved and maintained in Horn of Africa countries, including in refugee camps.
世界卫生组织（世卫组织）非洲（AFR）和东地中海（EMR）区域的会员国分别制定了到 2020 年和 2015 年消除麻疹的目标。世卫组织的这两个区域包括 AFR 会员国埃塞俄比亚和肯尼亚，以及 EMR 会员国索马里。这三个国家都位于非洲之角，麻疹在那里流行，尽管为实现消除目标做出了努力，但仍周期性暴发。本报告介绍了 2010-2011 年期间在非洲之角发生的暴发情况。索马里境内复杂的人道主义紧急情况使暴发情况恶化，据估计有 600,000 名难民涌入索马里边境附近肯尼亚和埃塞俄比亚的难民营。在 2010-2011 年期间，埃塞俄比亚共报告了 9,756 例麻疹病例，肯尼亚报告了 2,566 例，年龄分布广泛，索马里报告了 16,135 例，其中 78%发生在 <5 岁儿童中。病例主要发生在未接种疫苗的人群中。实施了暴发应对免疫接种（ORI）战略；然而，暴发仍在继续。为实现 AFR 和 EMR 消除麻疹目标，包括在难民营中，必须在非洲之角国家实现并维持麻疹含细胞疫苗（MCV）两剂次的统一高覆盖率。
