School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.
Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 2012 Sep;76(3):667-84. doi: 10.1128/MMBR.00007-12.
Diatoms and bacteria have cooccurred in common habitats for hundreds of millions of years, thus fostering specific associations and interactions with global biogeochemical consequences. Diatoms are responsible for one-fifth of the photosynthesis on Earth, while bacteria remineralize a large portion of this fixed carbon in the oceans. Through their coexistence, diatoms and bacteria cycle nutrients between oxidized and reduced states, impacting bioavailability and ultimately feeding higher trophic levels. Here we present an overview of how diatoms and bacteria interact and the implications of these interactions. We emphasize that heterotrophic bacteria in the oceans that are consistently associated with diatoms are confined to two phyla. These consistent bacterial associations result from encounter mechanisms that occur within a microscale environment surrounding a diatom cell. We review signaling mechanisms that occur in this microenvironment to pave the way for specific interactions. Finally, we discuss known interactions between diatoms and bacteria and exciting new directions and research opportunities in this field. Throughout the review, we emphasize new technological advances that will help in the discovery of new interactions. Deciphering the languages of diatoms and bacteria and how they interact will inform our understanding of the role these organisms have in shaping the ocean and how these interactions may change in future oceans.
硅藻和细菌在共同的栖息地已经共生了数亿年，因此形成了具有全球生物地球化学意义的特定联系和相互作用。硅藻负责地球上五分之一的光合作用，而细菌则使海洋中很大一部分固定碳再矿化。通过共生，硅藻和细菌在氧化和还原状态之间循环养分，影响生物可利用性，最终为更高的营养级提供食物。在这里，我们概述了硅藻和细菌如何相互作用，以及这些相互作用的影响。我们强调，与硅藻始终相关的海洋中的异养细菌仅限于两个门。这些一致的细菌关联是由在硅藻细胞周围的微尺度环境中发生的遭遇机制导致的。我们回顾了在这个微环境中发生的信号机制，为特定的相互作用铺平了道路。最后，我们讨论了硅藻和细菌之间已知的相互作用以及该领域令人兴奋的新方向和研究机会。在整个审查过程中，我们强调了新技术的进步，这将有助于发现新的相互作用。破译硅藻和细菌的“语言”以及它们如何相互作用，将有助于我们了解这些生物在塑造海洋方面的作用，以及这些相互作用在未来海洋中可能发生的变化。
