Mohamadnia Sonia, Valverde-Pérez Borja, Tavakoli Omid, Angelidaki Irini
Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Søltofts Plads 228A, Technical University of Denmark, DTU, 2800, Lyngby, Denmark.
Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet 115, 2800, Lyngby, Denmark.
Biotechnol Biofuels Bioprod. 2025 Jun 18;18(1):64. doi: 10.1186/s13068-025-02665-y.
Isoprenoids constitute a large and various number of bio-compounds, with many profitable applications in pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and industrial fields. The complexity of isoprenoid molecules leads to a challenging, expensive, and environmentally unfriendly chemical synthesis of these metabolites. In addition, the awareness and desire of many consumers for products generated by natural microbial processes has increased recently. Metabolic engineering tools and synthetic biology strategies have been used as a means for the enhancement and optimization of the natural isoprenoid biosynthetic pathways of wild strains. Microalgae as production organisms have been manipulated for the bioproduction of diverse isoprenoids. Particularly when cultivated in unsuitable conditions (such as wastewater, unbalanced nutritional sources, and distinct environmental conditions), microalgae can adjust their metabolic pathways and generate compounds with significant technological potential. Several metabolic engineering approaches have been developed, modifying the metabolic pathways in microalgae to redirect the flow of carbon toward isoprenoid biosynthesis, including pathway engineering, strain improvement, and synthetic biology. In this review, some beneficial features of these high-value metabolites are summarized. Besides, recent advancements in metabolic engineering approaches for the biosynthesis of isoprenoids are discussed in detail. At last, the viewpoints and challenges for the biosynthesis of novel compositions with isoprene units in the microalgae are also included.
类异戊二烯构成了大量各种各样的生物化合物，在制药、营养保健品和工业领域有许多有益的应用。类异戊二烯分子的复杂性导致这些代谢产物的化学合成具有挑战性、成本高昂且对环境不友好。此外，最近许多消费者对天然微生物过程产生的产品的认知度和需求有所增加。代谢工程工具和合成生物学策略已被用作增强和优化野生菌株天然类异戊二烯生物合成途径的手段。微藻作为生产生物体已被用于多种类异戊二烯的生物生产。特别是在不合适的条件下（如废水、营养源不均衡和独特的环境条件）培养时，微藻可以调整其代谢途径并产生具有重大技术潜力的化合物。已经开发了几种代谢工程方法，通过修饰微藻中的代谢途径来将碳流重新导向类异戊二烯生物合成，包括途径工程、菌株改良和合成生物学。在这篇综述中，总结了这些高价值代谢产物的一些有益特性。此外，还详细讨论了类异戊二烯生物合成的代谢工程方法的最新进展。最后，还包括了关于微藻中具有异戊二烯单元的新型组合物生物合成的观点和挑战。
