Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
J Nutr. 2012 Oct;142(10):1903-9. doi: 10.3945/jn.112.164269. Epub 2012 Aug 29.
Parent self-efficacy, outcome expectancies, and behaviors toward cooking and fruits and vegetables mediate children's eating. Eating competence, an intra-individual approach to food-related attitudes and behaviors, is associated with healthful outcomes but has not been studied as a moderator of parent food-related behaviors that mediate healthful eating in 4th grade children. Parents (n = 339; 78% Hispanic, 89% female) of 4th graders who participated in an impact study of the Cooking with Kids curriculum in Santa Fe, NM schools eligible for Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Education completed the following surveys: Satter eating competence inventory for low-income (ecSI/LI) (16 items, Likert scale, possible score 0-48); modeling behaviors related to food preparation and fruits/vegetables (11 items, Likert scale, possible score 0-33); self-efficacy/outcome expectancies (SE/OE) (12 items, Likert scale, possible score 12-60); and availability of fruits/vegetables (20 items, possible score 0-20). Higher scores indicate more desired behaviors. The mean ecSI/LI score was 33.6 ± 8.5; 59% were eating competent, i.e., ecSI/LI ≥ 32. Eating-competent parents demonstrated more modeling (16.3 ± 5.0 vs. 14.0 ± 4.3; P < 0.001), greater SE/OE (53.7 ± 10.1 vs. 51.2 ± 8.5; P = 0.03), and greater in-home fruit/vegetable availability (12.7 ± 3.0 vs. 11.9 ± 3.2; P = 0.02). Two clusters of modeling behavior were defined: achievers and strivers. Modeling achievers (34.9 ± 6.9) were more eating competent (P < 0.001) than strivers (30.3 ± 8.9). Eating competence moderated parent food-related behaviors. Measuring eating competence may contribute to understanding parent behavior as a mediator in school-based nutrition interventions.
父母自我效能感、结果期望和烹饪及蔬果相关行为会影响儿童的饮食。饮食能力是一种个体对食物相关态度和行为的评估方法，与健康结果相关，但尚未作为父母与健康饮食相关行为的调节因素进行研究，这些行为可以通过中介作用影响 4 年级儿童的健康饮食。新墨西哥州圣达菲学校参与“儿童烹饪”课程影响研究的 4 年级学生的家长（n=339；78%为西班牙裔，89%为女性）完成了以下调查：针对低收入家庭的 Satter 饮食能力量表（ecSI/LI）（16 项，李克特量表，可能得分为 0-48 分）；与食物准备和蔬果相关的行为建模（11 项，李克特量表，可能得分为 0-33 分）；自我效能感/结果期望（SE/OE）（12 项，李克特量表，可能得分为 12-60 分）；以及蔬果的可得性（20 项，可能得分为 0-20 分）。得分越高表示期望的行为越多。ecSI/LI 的平均得分为 33.6±8.5；59%的人饮食能力较强，即 ecSI/LI≥32。饮食能力较强的父母表现出更多的行为建模（16.3±5.0 分比 14.0±4.3 分；P<0.001），更高的 SE/OE（53.7±10.1 分比 51.2±8.5 分；P=0.03），以及更高的家庭蔬果可得性（12.7±3.0 分比 11.9±3.2 分；P=0.02）。将行为建模分为两类：成就者和奋斗者。行为建模成就者（34.9±6.9）的饮食能力更强（P<0.001），比奋斗者（30.3±8.9）更强。饮食能力调节了父母的食物相关行为。测量饮食能力可能有助于理解父母行为作为学校营养干预措施的中介。
