Tobin Vicky, Leng Gareth, Ludwig Mike
Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh Edinburgh, UK.
Front Physiol. 2012 Jul 12;3:261. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2012.00261. eCollection 2012.
Hypothalamic magnocellular neurons release vasopressin and oxytocin not only from their axon terminals into the blood, but also from their somata and dendrites into the extracellular space of the brain, and this can be regulated independently. Differential release of neurotransmitters from different compartments of a single neuron requires subtle regulatory mechanisms. Somato-dendritic, but not axon terminal release can be modulated by changes in intracellular calcium concentration [(Ca(2+))] by release of calcium from intracellular stores, resulting in priming of dendritic pools for activity-dependent release. This review focuses on our current understanding of the mechanisms of priming and the roles of actin remodeling, voltage-operated calcium channels (VOCCs) and SNARE proteins in the regulation somato-dendritic and axon terminal peptide release.
下丘脑大细胞神经元不仅从其轴突终末释放血管加压素和催产素进入血液，还从其胞体和树突释放到脑的细胞外空间，并且这两种释放可独立调节。单个神经元不同区室神经递质的差异释放需要精细的调节机制。胞体 - 树突而非轴突终末的释放可通过细胞内钙库释放钙来改变细胞内钙浓度[Ca(2+)]进行调节，从而引发树突池进行活动依赖性释放。本综述聚焦于我们目前对引发机制以及肌动蛋白重塑、电压门控钙通道（VOCCs）和SNARE蛋白在调节胞体 - 树突和轴突终末肽释放中的作用的理解。
