Hira S K, Ngandu N, Wadhawan D, Nkowne B, Baboo K S, Macuacua R, Kamanga J, Mpoko B, Heiba I M, Perine P L
School of Medicine, University of Zambia.
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr (1988). 1990;3(1):87-91.
Among 1,350 patients with serologically confirmed HIV-1 infection evaluated at the Dermatovenerealogy Clinic, University Teaching Hospital. Lusaka, through March 1987, 125 (9.3%) had AIDS, 1,178 (87.3%) had AIDS-related complex, and 46 (3.5%) were asymptomatic. The male to female ratio of cases was 1.5:1 and women were younger (mean age of 26.2 years) than were men (mean age of 31.2 years). HIV-infected persons had significantly more lifetime sex partners than uninfected persons; other risk factors were a prior history of venereal disease, blood transfusion, travel abroad, and a positive syphilis serology. Clinical features in decreasing order of frequency were weight loss, persistent generalized lymphadenopathy, chronic cough, multidermatomal herpes zoster, diarrhea, recurrent fevers, tuberculosis, and oropharyngeal candidiasis. The WHO clinical case definition for the diagnosis of AIDS had a low positive predictive value for the 125 Zambians with AIDS, but among all those infected with HIV, the positive predictive value was 76.4%. Thirty (35.3%) of 85 patients who were HIV seronegative when first examined acquired HIV infections during a 12- to 39-month (means = 21.8 months) period of observation. Heterosexual intercourse unrelated to prostitution appears to be the major mode of HIV transmission in Lusaka.
截至1987年3月，在卢萨卡大学教学医院皮肤科性病门诊接受血清学确诊为HIV-1感染评估的1350例患者中，125例（9.3%）患有艾滋病，1178例（87.3%）患有艾滋病相关综合征，46例（3.5%）无症状。病例的男女比例为1.5:1，女性（平均年龄26.2岁）比男性（平均年龄31.2岁）年轻。HIV感染者的终身性伴侣明显多于未感染者；其他危险因素包括既往性病病史、输血、出国旅行和梅毒血清学阳性。按出现频率递减的临床特征依次为体重减轻、持续性全身性淋巴结肿大、慢性咳嗽、多皮区带状疱疹、腹泻、反复发热、结核病和口腔念珠菌病。世界卫生组织艾滋病诊断临床病例定义对125例赞比亚艾滋病患者的阳性预测值较低，但在所有HIV感染者中，阳性预测值为76.4%。85例首次检查时HIV血清学阴性的患者中，有30例（35.3%）在12至39个月（平均21.8个月）的观察期内感染了HIV。在卢萨卡，与卖淫无关的异性性行为似乎是HIV传播的主要方式。
