Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Health Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, 113 30 Stockholm, Sweden.
BMJ. 2012 Aug 29;345:e5568. doi: 10.1136/bmj.e5568.
To identify modifiable factors associated with longevity among adults aged 75 and older.
Population based cohort study.
Kungsholmen, Stockholm, Sweden.
1810 adults aged 75 or more participating in the Kungsholmen Project, with follow-up for 18 years.
Median age at death. Vital status from 1987 to 2005.
During follow-up 1661 (91.8%) participants died. Half of the participants lived longer than 90 years. Half of the current smokers died 1.0 year (95% confidence interval 0.0 to 1.9 years) earlier than non-smokers. Of the leisure activities, physical activity was most strongly associated with survival; the median age at death of participants who regularly swam, walked, or did gymnastics was 2.0 years (0.7 to 3.3 years) greater than those who did not. The median survival of people with a low risk profile (healthy lifestyle behaviours, participation in at least one leisure activity, and a rich or moderate social network) was 5.4 years longer than those with a high risk profile (unhealthy lifestyle behaviours, no participation in leisure activities, and a limited or poor social network). Even among the oldest old (85 years or older) and people with chronic conditions, the median age at death was four years higher for those with a low risk profile compared with those with a high risk profile.
Even after age 75 lifestyle behaviours such as not smoking and physical activity are associated with longer survival. A low risk profile can add five years to women's lives and six years to men's. These associations, although attenuated, were also present among the oldest old (≥ 85 years) and in people with chronic conditions.
确定与 75 岁及以上成年人长寿相关的可改变因素。
基于人群的队列研究。
瑞典斯德哥尔摩 Kungsholmen。
1810 名年龄在 75 岁或以上的成年人参加了 Kungsholmen 项目，随访时间为 18 年。
死亡时的中位年龄。1987 年至 2005 年的生存状态。
在随访期间，有 1661 名（91.8%）参与者死亡。一半的参与者寿命超过 90 岁。目前吸烟者比不吸烟者早死 1.0 年（95%置信区间 0.0 至 1.9 年）。在休闲活动中，体力活动与生存最密切相关；经常游泳、散步或做体操的参与者的中位死亡年龄比不做这些活动的参与者长 2.0 年（0.7 至 3.3 年）。低风险人群（健康的生活方式行为、至少参加一项休闲活动和丰富或中等的社会网络）的中位生存时间比高风险人群（不健康的生活方式行为、不参加休闲活动和有限或较差的社会网络）长 5.4 年。即使在最年长的老年人（85 岁及以上）和患有慢性病的人群中，低风险人群的中位死亡年龄也比高风险人群高 4 年。
即使在 75 岁以上，不吸烟和体力活动等生活方式行为仍与更长的生存时间相关。低风险人群可使女性寿命延长 5 年，男性寿命延长 6 年。这些关联在最年长的老年人（≥85 岁）和患有慢性病的人群中虽然有所减弱，但仍然存在。
