Alizadeh Reza, Ziaee Vahid, Aghsaeifard Ziba, Mehrabi Farzad, Ahmadinejad Taha
Sports Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Asian J Sports Med. 2012 Jun;3(2):126-30. doi: 10.5812/asjsm.34714.
Headache at altitudes has had an incidence of 25-62% through many related studies. Many reasons are identified concerning headache at altitudes such as acute mountain sickness (AMS), sinus headache, migraine, tension type headache, and frontal tension headache. This study tried to compare different types of headache among trekkers on Mount Damavand, a 5671m mountain, Iran, to find their incidence and related symptoms and signs.
Through a cross-sectional study, we evaluated headache incidence and its correlation to AMS among people who climbed Mount Damavand. Lake Louise Score, a self-report questionnaire, was applied to make AMS diagnosis through three separate stages of trekking programs. Chi-square test was employed as the main mean of analysis.
Totally, 459 between 13-71 year olds participated in the study among which females were 148 (32.1%) and males 311 (67.8%). Headache was found in 398 (86.7%) among whom 279 (70%) were proved as AMS. Investigating the types of headache in the cases of AMS showed 64.5% to be of steady, 31% throbbing and 4.5% stabbing characters which had significant differences with a P value = 0.003. The majority of headaches were stated as frontal (38.9%) and the least prevalence belonged to the parietal area (4.4%), while global headache was reported in 27%.
This study specifies the exact location of headaches at altitude in cases of AMS and non-AMS headaches. Many cases of high altitude non-AMS headache are resulted by tension and light reflection at altitude.
通过多项相关研究发现，高海拔地区头痛的发生率为25%-62%。关于高海拔地区头痛的原因有很多，比如急性高原病（AMS）、鼻窦性头痛、偏头痛、紧张型头痛和额部紧张性头痛。本研究试图比较伊朗海拔5671米的达马万德山徒步旅行者中不同类型头痛的情况，以找出其发生率以及相关症状和体征。
通过横断面研究，我们评估了攀登达马万德山的人群中头痛的发生率及其与急性高原病的相关性。采用自我报告问卷《路易斯湖评分》，通过徒步计划的三个不同阶段进行急性高原病的诊断。采用卡方检验作为主要分析方法。
共有459名年龄在13至71岁之间的人参与了研究，其中女性148人（32.1%），男性311人（67.8%）。398人（86.7%）出现头痛，其中279人（占70%）被证实患有急性高原病。对急性高原病患者的头痛类型进行调查发现，64.5%为持续性、31%为搏动性、4.5%为刺痛性，P值=0.003，差异具有统计学意义。大多数头痛部位为额部（38.9%），发生率最低的是顶叶区域（4.4%），而全身性头痛的报告率为27%。
本研究明确了急性高原病和非急性高原病头痛在高海拔地区头痛的确切位置。许多高海拔非急性高原病头痛病例是由海拔高度的紧张和光线反射引起的。
