JAMA. 1990 Jan 19;263(3):414-7.
The risk of transmitting disease through blood transfusions continues to fall as additional blood donor screening and testing measures are implemented. Nevertheless, when a blood transfusion is needed during the perioperative period, autologous blood is the safest option for eligible patients. Three methods for obtaining autologous blood to use during or after a planned surgical procedure are preoperative autologous blood donation, perioperative blood salvage, and acute normovolemic hemodilution. These techniques can be used alone or in combination to decrease or eliminate a patient's exposure to homologous blood. However, because all transfusions carry some health risk and blood administration costs, autologous blood should not be collected or reinfused indiscriminately. Autologous blood services should be used for eligible patients who are likely to require a transfusion but should not be employed for minor procedures in which transfusion is unlikely.
随着更多献血者筛查和检测措施的实施，通过输血传播疾病的风险持续下降。然而，在围手术期需要输血时，对于符合条件的患者，自体血是最安全的选择。在计划的外科手术期间或之后获取自体血以供使用的三种方法是术前自体血捐献、术中血液回收和急性等容血液稀释。这些技术可以单独使用或联合使用，以减少或消除患者接触异体血的情况。然而，由于所有输血都存在一定的健康风险和输血管理成本，不应随意采集或回输自体血。自体血服务应用于可能需要输血的符合条件的患者，而不应应用于不太可能输血的小手术。
