Allen Foster Community Eye Health Research Centre, International Centre for Advancement of Rural Eye Care, L V Prasad Eye Institute, L V Prasad Marg, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, India. .
Indian J Ophthalmol. 2012 Sep-Oct;60(5):416-22. doi: 10.4103/0301-4738.100539.
Reliable information is required for the planning and management of eye care services. While classical research methods provide reliable estimates, they are prohibitively expensive and resource intensive. Rapid assessment (RA) methods are indispensable tools in situations where data are needed quickly and where time- or cost-related factors prohibit the use of classical epidemiological surveys. These methods have been developed and field tested, and can be applied across almost the entire gamut of health care. The 1990s witnessed the emergence of RA methods in eye care for cataract, onchocerciasis, and trachoma and, more recently, the main causes of avoidable blindness and visual impairment. The important features of RA methods include the use of local resources, simplified sampling methodology, and a simple examination protocol/data collection method that can be performed by locally available personnel. The analysis is quick and easy to interpret. The entire process is inexpensive, so the survey may be repeated once every 5-10 years to assess the changing trends in disease burden. RA survey methods are typically linked with an intervention. This article provides an overview of the RA methods commonly used in eye care, and emphasizes the selection of appropriate methods based on the local need and context.
可靠的信息是眼保健服务规划和管理的基础。虽然经典的研究方法可以提供可靠的估计，但它们的费用昂贵且资源密集。快速评估 (RA) 方法是在需要快速获取数据且时间或成本因素禁止使用经典流行病学调查的情况下必不可少的工具。这些方法已经开发并经过现场测试，可以应用于几乎整个医疗保健领域。20 世纪 90 年代，RA 方法在白内障、盘尾丝虫病和沙眼的眼保健中出现，最近又在导致可避免盲和视力损害的主要原因中得到应用。RA 方法的重要特点包括利用当地资源、简化抽样方法以及简单的检查方案/数据收集方法，这些方法可以由当地人员执行。分析快速且易于解释。整个过程费用低廉，因此可以每 5-10 年重复进行一次调查，以评估疾病负担的变化趋势。RA 调查方法通常与干预措施相关联。本文概述了眼保健中常用的 RA 方法，并强调根据当地需求和背景选择适当的方法。
