成年人和青少年身心健康水平的可预测性：一项为期 2 年的纵向研究。

Predictability of levels of physical and mental health in adults and adolescents: a 2 years longitudinal study.

机构信息

Université Catholique de Louvain, Yvoir, Belgique.

出版信息

Psychiatr Danub. 2012 Sep;24 Suppl 1:S9-13.

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Comparative study at two years between adults and adolescents aimed at identifying the social, family, personality traits and health locus of control factors influencing physical and mental health, consumption of medications, and frequency of medical consultations.

METHOD

Twenty participants (10 adults and 10 adolescents) were included in a two years long longitudinal study. At baseline, participants' age, gender, family composition, net income, chronic treatments, family dynamics (Family Adaptation and Cohesion Scale), Multidimensional Health Locus of Control, and personality (NEO Personality Inventory) were recorded. Every six months their state of mental and physical health (12 Survey Factors and Hamilton Depression Scale), consumption of medications and number of medical consultations were reassessed.

RESULTS

Age has a deleterious effect not only on physical health (r=-0.628*) but also on the frequency of depressive symptoms (r=0.576*). Adults are protected against the above effect by the number of people living in the same household (r=-0.588*). The ideal family or couple is more important than the actual family or couple. The higher these ideals, the healthier the adults (r=0.738*), and the less teenagers go to the doctors (r=-0.648*). Among adults, independence from others is correlated with good mental health (r=-0.829**) and among teens, ability to manage their wishes is positively correlated with good mental health (r=0.718**).

CONCLUSION

Although different mechanisms determine adolescents and adults' levels of health, other common mechanisms involved include age and the need for love. The older we grow, the more our health tends to deteriorate; the more we dream of love, the more it improves. The differences depend on the place that is left to others. Among teenagers, the first factor pertains to how well they manage their own desires; among adults, what matters most is independence from others.

摘要

背景

对成年人和青少年进行了为期两年的比较研究，旨在确定影响身心健康、药物使用和就诊频率的社会、家庭、人格特质和健康控制源因素。

方法

20 名参与者（10 名成年人和 10 名青少年）参与了一项为期两年的纵向研究。在基线时，记录了参与者的年龄、性别、家庭构成、净收入、慢性治疗、家庭动态（家庭适应与凝聚力量表）、多维健康控制源和人格（NEO 人格量表）。每六个月评估一次他们的身心健康状况（12 项调查因素和汉密尔顿抑郁量表）、药物使用情况和就诊次数。

结果

年龄不仅对身体健康（r=-0.628*）而且对抑郁症状的频率（r=0.576*）都有不利影响。成年人通过居住在同一家庭中的人数（r=-0.588*）受到保护，免受上述影响。理想的家庭或伴侣比实际的家庭或伴侣更重要。这些理想越高，成年人越健康（r=0.738*），青少年去看医生的次数越少（r=-0.648*）。在成年人中，与他人的独立性与良好的心理健康相关（r=-0.829**），而在青少年中，管理愿望的能力与良好的心理健康呈正相关（r=0.718**）。