Aparna I N, Dhanasekar B, Lingeshwar D, Gupta Lokendra
Department of Prosthodontics, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
Indian J Dent Res. 2012 Mar-Apr;23(2):257-63. doi: 10.4103/0970-9290.100437.
The success of dental implants has long been established through various studies with a particular emphasis laid on an implant design. Crest module is that portion of a two-piece metal dental implant, designed to hold the prosthetic components in place and to create a transition zone to the load bearing implant body. Its design, position in relation to the alveolar crest, and an abutment implant interface makes us believe that, it has a major role in integration to both hard and soft tissues. Unfortunately, in most clinical conditions, early tissue breakdown leading to soft tissue and hard tissue loss begins at this region. Early crestal bone loss is usually highest during the first year after placement ranging from 0.9 to 1.6mm and averaged 0.05-0.13 mm in the subsequent years . Various hypotheses have been stated to reason it however, none has been proved convincingly. In light of this, various attempts have been made to overcome this undesirable bone loss, by varying an implant design, the position, surgical protocol, and the prosthetic options. Irrespective of an implant system and designs that are used, crestal bone loss of up to the first thread is often observed. The purpose of this review is to look into the various designs and treatment modalities, which have been introduced into the crest module of an implant body to achieve the best biomechanical and esthetic result.
通过各项研究，种植牙的成功早已得到证实，其中特别强调了种植体设计。牙冠模块是两件式金属种植牙的一部分，旨在将修复部件固定到位，并形成一个与负重种植体主体的过渡区域。其设计、相对于牙槽嵴的位置以及基台与种植体的界面，让我们相信它在与软硬组织的整合中起着重要作用。不幸的是，在大多数临床情况下，导致软组织和硬组织丧失的早期组织破坏始于该区域。早期牙槽嵴骨吸收通常在植入后的第一年最高，范围为0.9至1.6毫米，在随后几年平均为0.05 - 0.13毫米。然而，已经提出了各种假说来解释这一现象，但没有一个得到令人信服的证明。有鉴于此，人们尝试通过改变种植体设计、位置、手术方案和修复选择来克服这种不良的骨吸收。无论使用何种种植系统和设计，通常都会观察到直至第一螺纹处的牙槽嵴骨吸收。本综述的目的是探讨已引入种植体主体牙冠模块的各种设计和治疗方式，以实现最佳的生物力学和美学效果。
