Jonason Peter K, Schmitt David P
School of Psychology, University of Western Sydney, Bankstown, NSW, Australia.
Evol Psychol. 2012 Jul 13;10(3):400-21. doi: 10.1177/147470491201000303.
The current studies examined how the Dark Triad personality traits (i.e., Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy) facilitate the strategic structuring of an individual's social environment in terms of same- and opposite-sex friends. In one study using normative questions (N = 267) and another using a budget-allocation task (N = 114), we found that the Dark Triad traits were associated with choosing friends for strategic purposes and to create a volatile environment. Narcissistic individuals reported relatively more reasons to form friendships, such as shared interests, makes me feel good, and intelligence. Women high in narcissism chose same-sex friends who were attractive and women high on Machiavellianism chose same-sex friends who have social status. Men high on psychopathy devalued traits associated with good social relationships in favor of friends who could facilitate their mating efforts and to offset risks incurred in their life history strategy. Results are discussed using the selection-manipulation-evocation framework for explaining how personality traits interact with social environments and integrated with findings from evolutionary biology.
当前的研究考察了黑暗三性格特质（即马基雅维利主义、自恋和精神病态）如何在同性和异性朋友方面促进个体社会环境的战略构建。在一项使用规范性问题的研究（N = 267）和另一项使用预算分配任务的研究（N = 114）中，我们发现黑暗三性格特质与出于战略目的选择朋友以及营造一个多变的环境有关。自恋的个体报告了相对更多建立友谊的理由，比如共同兴趣、让我感觉良好以及聪明才智。自恋程度高的女性选择有吸引力的同性朋友，而马基雅维利主义程度高的女性选择有社会地位的同性朋友。精神病态程度高的男性贬低与良好社会关系相关的特质，而青睐那些能促进其交配努力并抵消其生命史策略中所产生风险的朋友。我们使用选择 - 操纵 - 唤起框架来讨论这些结果，以解释人格特质如何与社会环境相互作用，并与进化生物学的研究结果相结合。
