Federal University of São Francisco Valley (UNIVASF), Petrolina, PE, Brazil.
Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2012 Aug;67(8):865-70. doi: 10.6061/clinics/2012(08)02.
Prevention is the best treatment for cerebrovascular disease, which is why early diagnosis and the immediate treatment of carotid stenosis contribute significantly to reducing the incidence of stroke. Given its silent nature, 80% of stroke cases occur in asymptomatic individuals, emphasizing the importance of screening individuals with carotid stenosis and identifying high-risk groups for the disease. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and the most frequent risk factors for carotid stenosis.
A transversal study was conducted in the form of a stroke prevention campaign held on three nonconsecutive Saturdays. During the sessions, carotid stenosis diagnostic procedures were performed for 500 individuals aged 60 years or older who had systemic arterial hypertension and/or diabetes mellitus and/or coronary heart disease and/or a family history of stroke.
The prevalence of carotid stenosis in the population studied was 7.4%, and the most frequent risk factors identified were mean age of 70 years, carotid bruit, peripheral obstructive arterial disease, coronary insufficiency and smoking. Independent predictive factors of carotid stenosis include the presence of carotid bruit or peripheral obstructive arterial disease [corrected] and/or coronary insufficiency.
The population with peripheral obstructive arterial disease [corrected] and/or coronary insufficiency and carotid bruit should undergo routine screening for carotid stenosis.
脑血管疾病重在预防，因此早期诊断和及时治疗颈动脉狭窄对降低中风发病率具有重要意义。由于其隐匿性，80%的中风发生在无症状人群中，这强调了对颈动脉狭窄患者进行筛查并识别出该病高危人群的重要性。本研究旨在确定颈动脉狭窄的患病率和最常见的危险因素。
采用横断面研究形式，在三个非连续的周六开展了一项卒中预防活动。在此期间，对 500 名年龄在 60 岁及以上、患有系统性动脉高血压和/或糖尿病、或患有冠心病、或有中风家族史的患者进行颈动脉狭窄诊断程序。
在所研究人群中，颈动脉狭窄的患病率为 7.4%，最常见的危险因素包括平均年龄 70 岁、颈动脉杂音、外周动脉阻塞性疾病、冠状动脉供血不足和吸烟。颈动脉狭窄的独立预测因素包括存在颈动脉杂音或外周动脉阻塞性疾病[纠正]和/或冠状动脉供血不足。
患有外周动脉阻塞性疾病[纠正]和/或冠状动脉供血不足和颈动脉杂音的人群应常规筛查颈动脉狭窄。
