Population Services International, 1120 19th Street, NW, Suite 600, Washington DC 20036, USA.
Reprod Health. 2012 Sep 5;9:20. doi: 10.1186/1742-4755-9-20.
To identify predictors of HIV testing and condom use in Mozambique.
Nationally representative survey data collected in Mozambique in 2009 was analyzed. Logistic regression analysis was used for two outcomes: HIV testing and condom use.
Women at a higher risk of HIV were less likely to be tested for HIV than women at a lower risk: compared to married women, HIV testing was lower among never married women (OR = 0.37, CI: 0.25-0.54); compared to women with one lifetime partner, HIV testing was lower among women with four or more lifetime partners (OR = 0.62, CI: 0.47-0.83). Large wealth differentials were observed: compared to the poorest women, HIV testing was higher among the wealthiest women (OR = 3.03, CI: 1.96-4.68). Perceived quality of health services was an important predictor of HIV testing: HIV testing was higher among women who rated health services as being of very good quality (OR = 2.12, CI: 1.49-3.00). Type of sexual partner was the strongest predictor of condom use: condom use was higher among men who reported last sex with a girlfriend (OR = 9.75, CI: 6.81-13.97) or a casual partner (OR = 11.05, CI: 7.21-16.94). Being tested for HIV during the last two years was the only programmatic variable that predicted condom use. Interestingly, being tested for HIV more than two years ago was not associated with condom use. Frequent mass media exposure was neither associated with HIV testing nor with condom use.
The focus of HIV testing should shift from married women (routinely tested during antenatal care visits) to unmarried women and women with multiple sexual partners. Financial barriers to HIV testing appear to be substantial. Since HIV testing is done without a fee being charged, these barriers are presumably related to the cost of transportation to static health facilities. Mechanisms should be developed to cover the cost of transportation to health facilities. Substantially increasing community-based counseling is one way of reducing the cost of transportation. Men should be encouraged to test for HIV periodically.
为了确定莫桑比克艾滋病毒检测和使用避孕套的预测因素。
对 2009 年在莫桑比克收集的全国代表性调查数据进行了分析。使用逻辑回归分析了两个结果：艾滋病毒检测和使用避孕套。
感染艾滋病毒风险较高的女性接受艾滋病毒检测的可能性低于感染艾滋病毒风险较低的女性：与已婚女性相比，从未结婚的女性接受艾滋病毒检测的可能性较低（OR = 0.37，CI：0.25-0.54）；与有一个终身伴侣的女性相比，有四个或更多终身伴侣的女性接受艾滋病毒检测的可能性较低（OR = 0.62，CI：0.47-0.83）。观察到巨大的财富差异：与最贫穷的妇女相比，最富裕的妇女接受艾滋病毒检测的可能性更高（OR = 3.03，CI：1.96-4.68）。对卫生服务质量的感知是艾滋病毒检测的一个重要预测因素：对卫生服务质量评价非常好的妇女接受艾滋病毒检测的可能性更高（OR = 2.12，CI：1.49-3.00）。性伴侣的类型是使用避孕套的最强预测因素：报告与女友（OR = 9.75，CI：6.81-13.97）或偶然伴侣（OR = 11.05，CI：7.21-16.94）发生最后一次性行为的男性使用避孕套的可能性更高。在过去两年中接受过艾滋病毒检测是唯一能预测使用避孕套的方案变量。有趣的是，两年前接受过艾滋病毒检测与使用避孕套无关。经常接触大众媒体既与艾滋病毒检测无关，也与使用避孕套无关。
艾滋病毒检测的重点应从已婚妇女（在产前保健就诊期间例行检测）转移到未婚妇女和有多个性伴侣的妇女。艾滋病毒检测的经济障碍似乎很大。由于艾滋病毒检测不收取费用，这些障碍大概与前往固定卫生设施的交通费用有关。应制定机制来支付前往卫生设施的交通费用。大幅增加社区咨询是降低交通成本的一种方法。应鼓励男性定期接受艾滋病毒检测。
