MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2012 Sep 7;61:703-9.
Hypertension is a leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease and a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. This report uses data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to examine awareness and pharmacologic treatment of uncontrolled hypertension among U.S. adults with hypertension and focuses on three groups: those who are unaware of their hypertension, those who are aware but not treated with medication, and those who are aware and pharmacologically treated with medication but still have uncontrolled hypertension.
CDC analyzed data from the NHANES 2003-2010 to estimate the prevalence of hypertension awareness and treatment among adults with uncontrolled hypertension. Hypertension was defined as an average systolic blood pressure (SBP)≥140 mmHg or an average diastolic blood pressure (DBP)≥90 mmHg, or currently using blood pressure (BP)-lowering medication. Uncontrolled hypertension was defined as an average SBP≥140 mmHg or an average DBP≥90 mmHg, among those with hypertension.
The overall prevalence of hypertension among U.S. adults aged≥18 years in 2003-2010 was 30.4% or an estimated 66.9 million. Among those with hypertension, an estimated 35.8 million (53.5%) did not have their hypertension controlled. Among these, an estimated 14.1 million (39.4%) were not aware of their hypertension, an estimated 5.7 million (15.8%) were aware of their hypertension but were not receiving pharmacologic treatment, and an estimated 16.0 million (44.8%) were aware of their hypertension and were being treated with medication. Of the 35.8 million U.S. adults with uncontrolled hypertension, 89.4% reported having a usual source of health care, and 85.2% reported having health insurance.
Nearly 90% of U.S. adults with uncontrolled hypertension have a usual source of health care and insurance, representing a missed opportunity for hypertension control. Improved hypertension control will require an expanded effort and an increased focus on BP from health-care systems, clinicians, and individuals.
高血压是心血管疾病的主要危险因素，也是发病率和死亡率的重要原因。本报告使用国家健康和营养检查调查（NHANES）的数据，检查美国高血压患者中未控制高血压的知晓率和药物治疗情况，重点关注三个群体：不知道自己患有高血压的人、知道但未用药物治疗的人以及知道且用药物治疗但血压仍未得到控制的人。
CDC 分析了 2003-2010 年 NHANES 的数据，以评估未控制高血压的成年人中高血压知晓率和治疗率。高血压定义为平均收缩压（SBP）≥140mmHg 或平均舒张压（DBP）≥90mmHg，或正在使用降压药物。未控制高血压定义为高血压患者中平均 SBP≥140mmHg 或平均 DBP≥90mmHg。
2003-2010 年，美国≥18 岁成年人高血压总体患病率为 30.4%，估计有 6690 万人。在高血压患者中，估计有 3580 万人（53.5%）血压未得到控制。其中，估计有 1410 万人（39.4%）不知道自己患有高血压，估计有 570 万人（15.8%）知道自己患有高血压但未接受药物治疗，估计有 1600 万人（44.8%）知道自己患有高血压且正在接受药物治疗。在 3580 万未控制高血压的美国成年人中，89.4%报告有常规医疗来源，85.2%报告有医疗保险。
近 90%未控制高血压的美国成年人有常规医疗来源和保险，这是控制高血压的一个错失机会。要提高高血压控制率，需要医疗系统、临床医生和个人加大对血压的控制力度。
