Beck-Mannagetta J, Hutarew G
Univ. Klinik für Mund-, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie, Paracelsus Medizinische Privatuniversität Salzburg, Müllner Hauptstr. 48, 5020, Salzburg, Österreich.
Hautarzt. 2012 Sep;63(9):704-9. doi: 10.1007/s00105-012-2351-x.
The oral mucosa contains melanocytes, even though one might not suspect this when examining white subjects. Drug-induced pigmentation is usually irregularly distributed over the oral mucosa; typical causes are contraceptives and tetracyclines. Localized traumatic pigmentation can be due to injuries contaminated by foreign material (dust). Not infrequently an amalgam tattoo can be seen, caused by introduction of amalgam during dental treatment with rotating instruments. Focal melanosis is harmless. Neoplastic pigmentation is rare. Melanotic nevi are small with indistinct borders. Malignant melanoma occurs predominantly on the maxilla or hard palate. Frequently it has already metastasized by the time of diagnosis. Verification by biopsy is essential if a lesion has suddenly appeared, is extensive, elevated, with irregular pigmentation and has no obvious cause.
口腔黏膜含有黑素细胞，尽管在检查白人受试者时可能不会想到这一点。药物性色素沉着通常不规则地分布在口腔黏膜上；典型原因是避孕药和四环素。局部创伤性色素沉着可能是由于异物（灰尘）污染的损伤所致。汞合金纹身并不少见，它是在使用旋转器械进行牙科治疗时引入汞合金引起的。局灶性黑色素沉着无害。肿瘤性色素沉着很少见。黑素痣很小，边界不清晰。恶性黑色素瘤主要发生在上颌骨或硬腭。在诊断时，它常常已经发生转移。如果病变突然出现、范围广泛、隆起、色素沉着不规则且无明显原因，通过活检进行确诊至关重要。
