Marzi Tessa, Righi Stefania, Ottonello Sara, Cincotta Massimo, Viggiano Maria Pia
Department of Psychology, University of Florence, Via di San Salvi, 12. Complesso di San Salvi, Padiglione 26, 50135 Firenze, Italy.
Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci. 2014 Jan;9(1):63-72. doi: 10.1093/scan/nss102. Epub 2012 Sep 5.
We used event-related potentials (ERPs) to tap the temporal dynamics of first impressions based on face appearance. Participants were asked to evaluate briefly presented faces for trustworthiness and political choice. Behaviorally, participants were better at discriminating faces that were pre-rated as untrustworthy. The ERP results showed that the P100 component was enhanced for untrustworthy faces, consistently with the view that signals of potential threat are given precedence in neural processing. The enhanced ERP responses to untrustworthy faces persisted throughout the processing sequence and the amplitude of early posterior negativity (EPN), and subsequent late positive potential (LPP) was increased with respect to trustworthy faces which, in contrast, elicited an enhanced positivity around 150 ms on frontal sites. These ERP patterns were found specifically for the trustworthiness evaluation and not for the political decision task. Political decision yielded an increase in the N170 amplitude, reflecting a more demanding and taxing structural encoding. Similar ERP responses, as previously reported in the literature for facial expressions processing, were found throughout the entire time course specifically elicited by faces explicitly judged as untrustworthy. One possibility might be that evolution has provided the brain with a 'special toolkit' for trust evaluation that is fast and triggers ERPs related to emotional processing.
我们使用事件相关电位（ERP）来探究基于面部外观的第一印象的时间动态变化。参与者被要求对面部短暂呈现的面孔进行可信度和政治倾向的评估。在行为上，参与者在辨别预先被评定为不可信的面孔方面表现得更好。ERP结果显示，不可信面孔的P100成分增强，这与潜在威胁信号在神经处理中优先出现的观点一致。对不可信面孔增强的ERP反应在整个处理序列中持续存在，早期后负波（EPN）以及随后的晚期正波（LPP）的幅度相对于可信面孔增加，相反，可信面孔在额叶部位约150毫秒时引发增强的正波。这些ERP模式是在可信度评估中专门发现的，而不是在政治决策任务中。政治决策导致N170幅度增加，反映出更苛刻和费力的结构编码。在整个时间进程中，特别由明确判断为不可信的面孔引发的类似ERP反应，如先前文献中对面部表情处理所报道的那样被发现。一种可能性可能是，进化为大脑提供了一个用于信任评估的“特殊工具包”，它速度快，并触发与情绪处理相关的ERP。
