Department of Dermatology and Venereology, AIIMS, New Delhi, India.
Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 2012 Sep-Oct;78(5):560-8. doi: 10.4103/0378-6323.100522.
Parthenium dermatitis is an immuno-inflammatory disease caused by Parthenium hysterophorus and is the commonest cause of plant dermatitis in India. It is caused by airborne dry and friable plant particles including trichomes, and the most important allergens responsible for allergic contact dermatitis are sesquiterpene lactones. The combined type IV and type I hypersensitivity to parthenium has been recently postulated. In sensitized individuals, it can cause a spectrum of clinical patterns, such as classical airborne pattern, chronic actinic dermatitis-like presentation, mixed pattern dermatitis, exfoliative dermatitis, widespread dermatitis, and other rare patterns. There is definite trend towards change from airborne pattern to chronic actinic pattern in natural history of parthenium dermatitis. Contact sensitivity to parthenium is everlasting, and hence the disease runs a chronic course with exacerbation during summers. Patch testing with acetone or aqueous plant extract is the simplest way of confirming parthenium contact allergy. Management includes avoiding contact with allergen, managing dermatitis with topical corticosteroids/tacrolimus, and other immunosupressives like azathioprine. In future, we expect parthenium dermatitis to become less prevalent due to rapid urbanization and possible development of new biological methods to eradicate the parthenium. Genetic factors associated with susceptibility to parthenium dermatitis need to be studied.
叶菊性皮炎是一种由叶菊引起的免疫炎症性疾病，是印度最常见的植物性皮炎病因。它是由空气中的干燥易碎植物颗粒引起的，包括毛状体，而引起过敏性接触性皮炎的最重要过敏原是倍半萜内酯。最近提出了对叶菊的联合 IV 型和 I 型超敏反应。在致敏个体中，它可引起一系列临床表型，如典型的空气传播模式、慢性光化性皮炎样表现、混合模式皮炎、剥脱性皮炎、广泛性皮炎和其他罕见模式。在叶菊性皮炎的自然病史中，确实存在从空气传播模式向慢性光化性皮炎模式转变的趋势。对叶菊的接触敏感性是持久的，因此该病呈慢性过程，夏季加重。用丙酮或水提植物提取物进行斑贴试验是确认叶菊接触过敏的最简单方法。治疗包括避免接触过敏原、用局部皮质类固醇/他克莫司治疗皮炎，以及使用环磷酰胺等其他免疫抑制剂。将来，我们预计由于快速城市化和可能开发出新的生物方法来根除叶菊，叶菊性皮炎的发病率将会降低。需要研究与叶菊性皮炎易感性相关的遗传因素。
