Sharma Vinod K, Sethuraman Gomathy
Department of Dermatology and Venereology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
Dermatitis. 2007 Dec;18(4):183-90. doi: 10.2310/6620.2007.06003.
Parthenium hysterophorus and Tanacetum parthenium, members of the Compositae family, are important causes of allergic contact dermatitis due to plants. Parthenium dermatitis is a major problem in India and Australia. Parthenium hysterophorus causes a spectrum of clinical patterns. Parthenium dermatitis, in its classical form known as airborne contact dermatitis, primarily affects the exposed areas and the flexures. Other clinical patterns are a seborrheic pattern, widespread dermatitis, and exfoliative dermatitis. The trend of the clinical pattern is changing. The classic airborne contact dermatitis may change to photodermatitis resembling chronic actinic dermatitis or mixed pattern dermatitis. The allergens responsible for contact dermatitis are sesquiterpene lactones and are present in the oleoresin fraction of the leaf, the stem, and the flower and also in pollen. The allergens can be extracted in various solvents (such as acetone, alcohol, ether, and water) and then used for patch testing. Acetone extract of Parthenium is better than aqueous extract in eliciting contact sensitivity. Treatment of Parthenium dermatitis is mostly symptomatic. Topical steroids, antihistamines, and avoidance of Parthenium are the mainstay of treatment for localized dermatitis. Systemic corticosteroids and azathioprine are frequently needed for severe or persistent dermatitis.
银胶菊和小白菊是菊科植物，是引起植物性过敏性接触性皮炎的重要原因。银胶菊皮炎是印度和澳大利亚的一个主要问题。银胶菊会引发一系列临床症状。银胶菊皮炎的典型形式称为空气传播性接触性皮炎，主要影响暴露部位和褶皱处。其他临床症状包括脂溢性皮炎、广泛性皮炎和剥脱性皮炎。临床症状的趋势正在发生变化。典型的空气传播性接触性皮炎可能会转变为类似慢性光化性皮炎的光性皮炎或混合型皮炎。引起接触性皮炎的过敏原是倍半萜内酯，存在于叶片、茎部、花朵的含油树脂部分以及花粉中。过敏原可以用各种溶剂（如丙酮、酒精、乙醚和水）提取，然后用于斑贴试验。银胶菊的丙酮提取物在引发接触敏感性方面优于水提取物。银胶菊皮炎的治疗主要是对症治疗。局部使用类固醇、抗组胺药以及避免接触银胶菊是局限性皮炎治疗的主要方法。严重或持续性皮炎通常需要全身性皮质类固醇和硫唑嘌呤。
